聚炔烃

在化学中，聚炔烃（英語：polyyne）是任何单键和三键交替的有机化合物，即一连串的炔烃（(−C≡C−)
n，其中n > 1）。这类化合物也称作聚乙炔类（polyacetylenes），尤其是在天然产品和化学生态学的著作中，[1][2]然而这个名称严格来说是指单键和双键交替的乙炔聚合物(−CR=CR′−)。它们也称为寡烯烃（oligoynes）或[3]卡拜类炔烃（carbinoids），后者名称来自此系列中的最后一员，也是碳的假想同素异形体之一卡拜(−C≡C−)
∞。[4][5]自1960年代以来，许多科学家已声称合成了这个物质，但这些报告都受到质疑。[6]事实上，在许多早期有机合成的尝试中，被辨认为“卡拜”短链的物质，[7]现在会用“聚炔烃”称之。

分子量最小的聚炔烃是丁二炔，又称联乙炔，H−C≡C−C≡C−H。聚炔烃和累积多烯烃以其坚固性和强导电性著称，有潜力用于分子纳米技术中。在氢元素稀少的星际分子云中已经侦测到聚炔烃。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ Minto RE; Blacklock BJ. Biosynthesis and function of polyacetylenes and allied natural products. Prog Lipid Res. July 2008, 47 (4): 233–306. PMC 2515280 可免费查阅. PMID 18387369. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2008.02.002. 
  2. ^ Annabelle, L.K.; Shi Shun; Tykwinski, Rik R. Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Polyynes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2006, 45 (7): 1034–57. PMID 16447152. doi:10.1002/anie.200502071. 
  3. ^ Gibtner, Thomas; Hampel, Frank; Gisselbrecht, Jean-Paul; Hirsch, Andreas. End-cap stabilized oligoynes: Model compounds for the linear sp carbon allotrope carbyne. Chemistry: A European Journal. 2002, 8 (2): 408–432. PMID 11843154. doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20020118)8:2<408::AID-CHEM408>3.0.CO;2-L. 
  4. ^ Heimann, R.B.; Evsyukov, S.E.; Kavan, L. (编). Carbyne and carbynoid structures. Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Low-Dimensional Structures 21. 1999: 452. ISBN 978-0-7923-5323-2. 
  5. ^ Chalifoux, Wesley A.; Tykwinski, Rik R. Synthesis of extended polyynes: Toward carbyne. Comptes Rendus Chimie. 2009, 12 (3–4): 341–358. doi:10.1016/j.crci.2008.10.004.  In Avancés récentes en chimie des acétylènes – Recent advances in acetylene chemistry
  6. ^ Kroto, H. Carbyne and other myths about carbon. RSC Chemistry World. November 2010 [2022-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）. 
  7. ^ Akagi, K.; Nishiguchi, M.; Shirakawa, H.; Furukawa, Y.; et al. One-dimensional conjugated carbyne — synthesis and properties. Synthetic Metals. 1987, 17 (1–3): 557–562. doi:10.1016/0379-6779(87)90798-3. 

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