纳吾肉孜节 (阿塞拜疆)

阿塞拜疆的年轻人正在庆祝纳吾肉孜节

纳吾肉孜节亞塞拜然語Novruz Bayramı)是阿塞拜疆的一个重要的传统春季节日。当阿塞拜疆还是苏联的一部分时,纳吾肉孜的庆祝活动通常以非正式的方式举行,有时甚至是被禁止的[1]。目前在阿塞拜疆,纳吾肉孜节是一个法定节假日。根据2006年通过的《阿塞拜疆劳动法》第105条,职工在纳吾肉孜节期间可获得5天的假期[2]。阿塞拜疆的纳吾肉孜节公共假期时间(包括周末)为5天[3]

节日庆典与风俗

通常情况下,纳吾肉孜节在节前的一个月即开始准备。在此期間的每個周二,人们都要庆祝水、火、土、风这四种元素中的一种[4]。人们打扫房屋、植树、做新衣服、画鸡蛋、制作民族糕点,如舍克布拉英语Shekerbura帕克拉瓦英语Baklava卷面包英语Shorgoghal,此外还有各种民族美食英语Azerbaijani cuisine[5]。当地人焙制面包时,常伴用葡萄坚果等。为向拜火教信仰致敬,当地孩子们每周二都会举行跳小篝火、点燃蜡烛等活动。在节日前夕,人们会去為故人掃墓[6]

在纳吾肉孜节期间,当地人举办各种传统游戏和表演,如“Kos-kosa”(象征着春天的到来)、“Khidir Ilyas”(“基迪尔·伊利亚斯”,象征着生育和开花)和算命,这些活动通常是在音乐聚会上举行。期间民间歌手演唱歌曲,而摔跤手则进行比拼[7][8]

纳吾肉孜节也是一个家庭节日。节日前夜,全家人围着铺有各种菜肴的节日餐桌預祝新的一年豐富多彩。节日持续数天,最后以公共舞蹈、民族体育比赛和其他娱乐活动(如民间乐队)结束。节日餐桌的装饰被称为“khoncha”,是一种装满了食品和装饰物的托盘,里面通常有麦苗英语Wheat sprout、彩绘蛋、蜡烛、坚果、水果和甜点。根据阿塞拜疆的习俗,桌子上通常需要至少要摆上七道菜[4]

Charshanba

阿塞拜疆人將冬季的最后四个星期二(通常从二月的最后一个星期二开始)称为“Charshanba”。根据阿塞拜疆的传统,“Charshanba”意味着冬天的结束和春天的开始。根据民间信仰,第一个“Charshanba”代表元素“水”,当地人们会庆祝它的净化。

第二个“Charshanba”与元素“火”有关。人们认为,跳过篝火和点燃蜡烛的活动会使人焕然一新,并清除旧疾与霉运,并使人们能够以积极的态度迎接春天。

第三个“Charshanba”在阿塞拜疆传统中代表着元素“风”,因为春天的开始是由风带来的。在一些阿塞拜疆西部地区,当地人称这一天为“黑色星期三”。当地的阿塞拜疆人会去看望和修葺故人的坟冢。

第四个也是最后一个“Charshanba”代表着元素“地”,被称为“Torpag Chershenbesi”、“Ilakhir Charshanba”。当地人们相信在这一天,大自然会再次复苏。阿塞拜疆文化中,这一天是四个“Charshanba”中最重要的一天,并保持着与这一天有关的特殊传统。例如,餐桌上应该有七种食物,它们的名字在阿塞拜疆语中必须以字母“s”,如“sumakh”(苏马克,一种香料)、“sud”(牛奶)、“sirke”(醋)、“samani”(小麦芽英语Wheat sprout)等等。在民间故事说,年轻女孩在这一天晚上,可以手持蜡烛走到镜子前,看到自己未来丈夫的样子。孩子们会玩一种叫“Papaq atma”的摘帽子游戏——孩子们敲开邻居家的门,摘下帽子或张开袋子并躲起来,希望得到对方专门为这个节日准备的糖果和甜点,如甜馅饼英语shakarbura果仁蜜饼英语pakhlava[9][10][11][12]

仪式

在纳吾肉孜节期间,人们会唱与节日相关的各种歌曲,并在公共广场上举办活动,比如走钢丝和摔跤。另一个仪式是在盘子里种植萨马尼(“samani”,即小麦芽英语Wheat sprout),这象征着春天的肥沃。节日中压轴环节是一项传统喜剧表演,即科萨(Kosa‎)和凯切尔(Keçəl‎)的故事——节日叙事中的永恒人物。这些角色和他们的争斗代表了冬天和春天之间的冲突。在仪式结束时,凯切尔赢得了决斗,表示春天最终战胜了冬天。纳吾肉孜节在阿塞拜疆持续了一周左右[9][10][13]

与纳吾肉孜有关的信仰活动

  • 整个家庭聚集在家中,围坐在一张桌子旁(象征着家人一同度过了一年)。
  • 在这一年的最后一个晚上,家庭成员互相洒水(这意味着他们将摆脱旧年的所有困难)。
  • 在这一天,必须提供阿塞拜疆语中以字母“s”开头的七种菜肴。
  • 节日期间大门不锁,这象征着主人的热情好客。
  • 在纳吾肉孜节的首日,房屋必须整夜点灯;熄灭灯光会带来厄运。
  • 在火上跳七次(人们认为火会烧掉去年的霉运)。
  • 桌子上必须摆放一面镜子和燃烧的蜡烛(镜子是幸福的象征,蜡烛的光亮则使邪灵远离房子)。
  • 根据阿塞拜疆的信仰,纳吾肉孜节第一天的代表春天,第二天是夏天,第三天是秋天,第四天是冬天[9][13][10]

图库

参考

  1. ^ Waters, Zena, What exactly is Novruz Bayram, Azerbaijan Today (12), April–May 2005, (12) [2009-03-22], (原始内容存档于2011-05-14) 
  2. ^ Public Holidays in Azerbaijan (PDF), Tax and Legal News (德勤会计师事务所), December 2006 [2009-03-22] [失效連結]
  3. ^ Azerbaijan 2010 Bank Holidays. Bank-holidays.com. [2010-04-06]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-13). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 International Day of Nowruz- 21 March 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2011-05-13.
  5. ^ Azerbaijan marks Novruz holiday. [2010-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-30). 
  6. ^ Culture of Azerbaijan - history, people, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social. www.everyculture.com. [2021-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-15). 
  7. ^ Azerbaijan celebrates festive Novruz Holiday. AzerNews.az. 2013-03-20 [2021-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-02) (英语). 
  8. ^ azeriamerica.com. azeriamerica.com. [2021-04-28]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-07). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 NOVRUZ HOLIDAY.. [2021-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-18). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Azerbaijanis celebrate Last Tuesday before Novruz Holiday.. [2021-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-04). 
  11. ^ Novruz Holiday. [2021-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-18). 
  12. ^ Festivities on the occasion of Novruz Bayram are held in Azerbaijan.. [2021-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-03). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 AZERBAIJANI NOVRUZ. [2021-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2019-03-07). 
  14. ^ Krasnowolska, Anna. KUSA. Encyclopædia Iranica. [2009-03-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-04-29). 

Read other articles:

     Selecciones clasificadas para el Mundial de 2018      Selecciones que no se clasificaron      Equipos suspendidos      Países que no son miembros de la FIFA La XXI Copa Mundial de Fútbol se celebró en Rusia entre el 14 de junio y el 15 de julio de 2018. Para su fase final se clasificaron 32 selecciones. Dichas selecciones fueron divididas en 8 grupos de cuatro, para posteriormente prose...

 

Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ран�...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Alcyon. AlcyonAndré Darrigade, Tour de France 1961InformationsStatut Équipe pro (1905-1962)Discipline Cyclisme sur routePays  FranceCréation 1905Disparition 1962Saisons 58Marque de cycles AlcyonEncadrementDirecteur sportif Ludovic FeuilletFernand MithouardRobert DaverGeorges SpeicherDénominations1905-1912 Alcyon-Dunlop1913-1914 Alcyon-Soly1915-1921 Alcyon1922-1959 Alcyon-Dunlop1961 Alcyon-Leroux1962 Gitane-Leroux-Dunlop-R. Geminianimodifier - modifi...

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Paolo Mastrantonio Nazionalità  Italia Altezza 175 cm Peso 68 kg Calcio Ruolo Difensore Termine carriera 1997 Carriera Giovanili 197?-1986 Roma Squadre di club1 1985-1987 Roma1 (0)1987-1988 Genoa18 (0)1988-1989 Avellino4 (0)1989 Genoa0 (0)1989-1990 Montevarchi10 (0)1990-199...

 

UK singles chart number ones UK singles chart 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Other charts Melody Maker – 1956–1969 Melody Maker – 1970s Melody Maker – 1980s NME – 1960s NME – 1970s NME – 1980s Record Mirror (1955–1962) Miscellaneous charts 1952–1969 Miscellaneous charts 1969–1988 Related Official Charts Company Christmas number one The UK Singles Chart is the official chart for the United Kingdom of singles. The chart is compiled by The Official Chart Com...

 

Libyan football club This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ascharara SC – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Football clubAscharara SCFull nameAscharara Sports ClubFounded1977GroundSabha Stadium, Sabha, LibyaCapacity5,000LeagueLibyan Premier League2006...

Collège Gilles de TrèvesCour intérieure du collège Gilles de Trèves.PrésentationDestination initiale CollègeDestination actuelle En restaurationStyle RenaissanceMatériau Pierre calcaireConstruction 1573-1574Commanditaire Gilles de TrèvesPropriétaire CommunePatrimonialité  Classé MH (1992)LocalisationPays FranceRégion LorraineDépartement MeuseCommune Bar-le-DucAdresse 2, rue Gilles-de-TrèvesCoordonnées 48° 46′ 22″ N, 5° 09′ 21″ ...

 

House elections for the 53rd U.S. Congress This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 1892 United States House of Representatives elections – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1892 United States House of Representatives elections U...

 

Il radar Soliton in Metal Gear Solid aiuta a gestire la situazione: il cono blu è il campo visivo di una guardia, quello giallo di una guardia sospettosa (ma anche di una telecamera) e il cono verde è il campo visivo del protagonista nella visuale in prima persona. Il cono rosso, qui non rappresentato, indica il campo visivo di un nemico allarmato.[1] Un videogioco stealth è un tipo di videogioco d'azione basato sull'abilità del giocatore di evitare di essere rilevato dal nemico p...

Adiós, Tierra del Fuego First editionAuthorJean RaspailCountryFranceLanguageFrenchPublisherÉditions Albin MichelPublication date2001Pages400ISBN9782226121547 Adiós, Tierra del Fuego is a 2001 book by the French writer Jean Raspail. It focuses on Tierra del Fuego, an archipelago off the southern tip of South America, in both a historical and personal perspective. The area had been the subject of several previous works by Raspail, in particular related to the subject of Orélie-Antoine de To...

 

Mathematical concept A function f from X to Y. The set of points in the red oval X is the domain of f. Graph of the real-valued square root function, f(x) = √x, whose domain consists of all nonnegative real numbers In mathematics, the domain of a function is the set of inputs accepted by the function. It is sometimes denoted by dom ⁡ ( f ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {dom} (f)} or dom ⁡ f {\displaystyle \operatorname {dom} f} , where f is the function. In layman's terms, ...

 

Fabrication process for joining materials Welded redirects here. For the play, see Welded (play). Overhead stick welding Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, primarily by using high temperature to melt the parts together and allow them to cool, causing fusion. Common alternative methods include solvent welding (of thermoplastics) using chemicals to melt materials being bonded without heat, and solid-state welding processes which bond without...

American-Indian representative and businessman This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous....

 

此條目包含過多行話或專業術語,可能需要簡化或提出進一步解釋。 (2017年10月21日)請在討論頁中發表對於本議題的看法,並移除或解釋本條目中的行話。 粒子物理學标准模型 背景 粒子物理學 量子場論 規範場論 自發對稱性破缺 希格斯机制 組成 電弱相互作用 量子色動力學 CKM矩陣 組成 強CP問題 階層問題 中微子振蕩 理論家 費曼 蓋爾曼 坂田昌一 格拉肖 茨威格 南部陽一郎...

 

Surrey CometSurrey Comet front page from August 2012TypeWeekly newspaperFormatCompact (Tabloid)Owner(s)Newsquest Media GroupEditorAndrew ParkesFounded1854HeadquartersSutton, London, EnglandCirculation15,502 (as of 2023)[1]Websitewww.surreycomet.co.uk The Surrey Comet is a weekly local newspaper covering the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, in South West London, and surrounding areas. It is now a free sheet but can also be purchased. It was founded in 1854 and is among the ol...

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. PosterNama lainSpanyolLo dejo cuando quiera SutradaraCarlos TherónProduserGhislain BarroisÁlvaro AugustinFernando BovairaUrko ErrazquinSkenario Cristóbal Garrido Adolfo Valor BerdasarkanI Can Quit Whenever I Wantoleh Valerio Attanasio, Andrea...

 

1967年の日本 2千年紀 19世紀 - 20世紀 - 21世紀 1950年代 - 1960年代 - 1970年代 1962年 1963年 1964年 1965年 1966年1967年1968年 1969年 1970年 1971年 1972年 日本の国旗 (1870年-1999年) 1967年の日本の話題 歴史 - 年表 文化と芸術 映画 - ラジオ - テレビ スポーツ 相撲 - 競馬 ■...

 

National Football League rivalry Colts–Texans rivalryColts and Texans face off during the 2007 season. Indianapolis Colts Houston Texans First meetingSeptember 22, 2002Colts 23, Texans 3Latest meetingSeptember 8, 2024Texans 29, Colts 27Next meetingOctober 27, 2024StatisticsMeetings total46All-time seriesColts, 33–12–1Postseason results Colts, 1–0 2018 Wild Card round: Colts won, 21–7 Largest victoryColts, 49–14 (2004)Longest win streakColts, 9 (2002–2006)Current win streakTexans...

La politica della Grecia è imperniata attorno alle istituzioni della repubblica parlamentare che dal 1975 costituisce la forma di governo dello Stato ellenico. Indice 1 Partiti 2 Parlamento 2.1 Sistema elettorale 2.2 Voto 3 Presidente della Repubblica Ellenica 4 Elezioni del Parlamento europeo 5 Elezioni locali 6 Referendum e plebisciti 7 Note 8 Voci correlate 9 Altri progetti 10 Collegamenti esterni Partiti Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Partiti politici in Grecia. Dal ripristino della d...

 

Yoga Ball redirects here. For the Bluey episode, see Yoga Ball (Bluey). Type of ball An exercise class using exercise balls A wide range of exercises can be performed with an exercise ball. An exercise ball is a ball constructed of soft elastic, typically in 5 diameters of 10 cm increments, from 35 to 85 cm (14 to 33 in), and filled with air. The air pressure is changed by removing a valve stem and either filling with air or letting the ball deflate. It is most often used in ph...