林氏貞孝坊

林氏貞孝坊
位置 臺灣臺中市大甲區庄美里
順天路119號
建成时间 清朝道光二十八年(1848年)
官方名称林氏貞孝坊
類型登錄等級:直轄市定古蹟
登錄種類:牌坊
詳細登錄資料

林氏貞孝坊是一座豎立於臺灣臺中大甲的清代貞節牌坊。該牌坊乃為表彰淡水廳大甲街地方人士余榮長之林春娘(文獻多記為「春娘」,而「娘」字為舊時對單名婦女之通稱,故其人原名應為「林春」,而櫟社詩人蔡子昭所撰碑記即寫有「春」二字[1])之貞孝事蹟,而興建於道光二十八年(1848年)之紀念性建築物[2][3]

民國七十四年(1985年)8月19日,此牌坊經中華民國內政部指定為臺中縣三級古蹟[4]

此外,林春娘在當地除貞孝事蹟外更有禱雨事蹟,並被當地居民奉為「貞節媽」,還有神像供奉於大甲鎮瀾宮之內,成為「大甲三神」之一。[2]

歷史

林春娘為大安中莊人,生於清乾隆四十四年(1779年),同治三年(1864年)去世,年八十六歲[2]

林春娘七歲時成為余家童養媳,但未婚夫余榮長在乾隆五十四年(1789年)赴鹿港經商時溺斃,此時林氏只有十二歲,尚未正式結婚,而余榮長之父已逝,余榮長為家中獨子,但林氏不打算改嫁,留下來侍奉余榮長的母親(大家)[2]。她曾撫養兩名過繼來的族子為子嗣,但一位早逝,後來撫養者則在娶巫氏為妻後不久去世,而後林氏與媳婦一同撫養幼孫[3]

道光十二年(1832年),本地士紳劉獻廷呈請旌表,隔年臺灣知府周彥淡水同知李嗣鄴頒賜旌額,而到了道光十六年(1836年)朝廷才下旨准許建坊旌表,但余家家境貧困,故直到道光二十八年(1848年)才在職吏張綱上呈淡水同知黃開基後由黃開基捐銀元五十元募捐,不久竹塹城門閥林占梅即捐助銀一百二十元,隨後各方響應捐款後,共得銀一千二百多元[2]。之後經過數月後,於大甲城南門外建成牌坊[2]

臺灣日治時期昭和八年(1933年)發生旱災,大甲地區供奉林氏神像禱雨得應,而此時牌坊已年久失修,地方人士遂有重修之議,於是便用祈雨募捐餘款另購坊地,於昭和十年(1935年)重修[2]

二次大戰後,大甲鎮瀾宮曾於民國四十年(1951年)整頓環境,於周圍建有矮牆,大門位於順天路,後來在民國六十八年(1979年)大甲鎮公所重修,拆除舊牆改建新牆,並將入口改到光明路,並添設一對石獅[1]。民國八十三年(1994年),由內政部、省民政廳、臺中縣政府補助經費再次重修,相關工程於民國九十一年(2002年)4月17日完工[5]

建築

大甲林氏貞孝坊夜照

林氏貞孝坊為四柱三間形式[5],而或因下旨准許建章時間到實際建坊時間有差,牌坊北邊是刻道光二十八年(1848年)的職官,南面卻是道光十三年(1833年)的職官,此外坊柱四面皆有楹聯而不同一般牌坊只刻於正反面,亦為此牌坊的特色之一[2]

林氏禱雨事蹟

林氏生前就文獻可考者而言,最早於道光三十年(1850年)留有禱雨事蹟,此後尚有禱雨數次,而在同治元年(1862年)的戴潮春事件時,大甲被圍,林氏曾三出禱雨,適時化解水道被斷的缺水危機(林豪東瀛紀事》一書有記載)[2]

戲劇改編

民視台灣奇案》將此事蹟改編為古裝劇,收錄為中,分為三集播出,由白冰冰飾演林婦,也順帶介紹華南到台灣的傳播者—報馬仔

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 大甲區公所—林氏貞孝坊. [2019-01-14]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 林文龍. 《台灣中部的人文》. 臺北市: 常民文化. 1998年1月: 242-255頁. ISBN 957-8491-16-6. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 《淡水廳志》卷十 列傳四 列女[失效連結]
  4. ^ 林氏貞孝坊. 臺中市大甲區公所. 2013-06-19 [2017-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 林氏貞孝坊. 文化部文化資產局. (原始内容存档于2019-05-02) (中文(臺灣)). 

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