乙酸铵

乙酸铵
IUPAC名
Ammonium ethanoate
英文名 Ammonium acetate
识别
CAS号 631-61-8  checkY
PubChem 517165
ChemSpider 11925
SMILES
 
  • O=C([O-])C.[NH4+]
InChI
 
  • 1/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3
InChIKey USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYAY
ChEBI 62947
RTECS AF3675000
性质
化学式 C2H7NO2
摩尔质量 77.08 g·mol−1
外观 白色易潮解晶体
氣味 轻微乙酸味
密度 1.17 g/cm3(20 °C)[1]
1.073 g/cm3(25 °C)
熔点 113 °C(386 K)([4]
溶解性 102 g/100 mL(0 °C)
148 g/100 mL(4 °C)[1]
143 g/100 mL(20 °C)
533 g/100 mL(80 °C)
溶解性 可溶于乙醇SO2丙酮液氨[3]
溶解性甲醇 7.89 g/100 mL(15 °C)[2][1]
131.24 g/100 g(94.2 °C)[3]
溶解性二甲基甲酰胺 0.1 g/100 g[3]
pKa 9.9
pKb 33
磁化率 -41.1·10−6 cm3/mol
黏度 21
结构
晶体结构 正交晶系
热力学
ΔfHm298K −615 kJ/mol[3]
危险性
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中有害物质的标签图案[2]
GHS提示词 Warning
H-术语 H303, H316, H320, H333
P-术语 P281, P335
主要危害 刺激性
NFPA 704
1
1
1
 
闪点 136 ℃[2]
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
386 mg/kg(小鼠,静脉注射)[3]
相关物质
其他阴离子 硝酸铵硫酸銨
其他阳离子 乙酸钠乙酸鉀
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙酸銨乙酸铵盐,分子式為CH3COONH4。它是白色、易潮解的晶体,可以由乙酸反应而成。它可以在商业上买到。[5]

制备

乙酸铵可以由碳酸铵和乙酸中和而成或是由冰醋酸氨气反应而成:[6]

反应

乙酸铵加热脱水,生成乙酰胺[7]

在有机合成中,乙酸铵可用来引入氮原子。[7]它和醇在铱催化剂存在下反应,生成叔胺[8][7]

乙酸铵、1,3-二羰基化合物和苯偶姻衍生物的一锅法会生成四取代吡咯,反应不需要溶剂和催化剂。[9][7]

汉奇吡啶合成反应的变种中,1,4-二氢吡啶的衍生物可以通过β-羰基羧酸酯、和乙酸铵的反应产生。[10][7]

用处

乙酸铵可用作缓冲物质[11]由于它在低压下会挥发,因此在制备质谱样品时被用于替代不挥发的缓冲物质。[12]乙酸铵也被用作食品添加剂食品添加剂国际编码为264。它已被澳大利亚和纽西兰批准使用。[13]

此外,乙酸铵还用于纺织和橡胶工业、农业和食品技术以及各种有机合成中。[14]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pradyot, Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2003. ISBN 0-07-049439-8. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Safety Data Sheet of Ammonium Acetate (PDF). tedia.com. Tedia Company Inc. 2011-08-12 [2014-06-10]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-12-07). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Ammonium acetate. [2022-08-26]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-14). 
  4. ^ Davidson, Arthur W.; McAllister, Walter H. Solutions of Salts in Pure Acetic Acid. Ii. Solubilities of Acetates1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1930, 52 (2): 507–519. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01365a010. 
  5. ^ Hosea Cheung; Robin S. Tanke; G. Paul Torrence, Acetic Acid, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_045.pub2 
  6. ^ Brannt, William. A practical treatise on the manufacture of vinegar. Lancaster, PA: Henry Carey Baird & Co. 1914: 316–317. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Ammonium acetate. In: e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. John Wiley and Sons, 1999–2013, abgerufen am 17. Februar 2018.
  8. ^ Yamaguchi, Ryohei; Kawagoe, Shoko; Asai, Chiho; Fujita, Ken-ichi. Selective Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Amines by Cp*Iridium-Catalyzed Multialkylation of Ammonium Salts with Alcohols. Organic Letters (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 2007-12-13, 10 (2): 181–184. ISSN 1523-7060. doi:10.1021/ol702522k. 
  9. ^ Bhat, Subrahmanya Ishwar; Trivedi, Darshak R. A catalyst- and solvent-free three-component reaction for the regioselective one-pot access to polyfunctionalized pyrroles. Tetrahedron Letters (Elsevier BV). 2013, 54 (41): 5577–5582. ISSN 0040-4039. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.153. 
  10. ^ Heydari, Akbar; Azizi, Kobra; Azarnia, Jamshid; Karimi, Meghdad; Yazdani, Elahe. Novel Magnetically Separable Sulfated Boric Acid Functionalized Nanoparticles for Hantzsch Ester Synthesis. Synlett (Georg Thieme Verlag KG). 2016-04-26, 27 (12): 1810–1813. ISSN 0936-5214. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1561441. 
  11. ^ Williams, Robert J.; Lyman, Carl M. The Use of Ammonium Acetate as a Buffer. Journal of the American Chemical Society (American Chemical Society (ACS)). 1932, 54 (11): 4458–4458. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01350a503. 
  12. ^ Berman, Elena S. F.; Fortson, Susan L.; Checchi, Kyle D.; Wu, Ligang; Felton, James S.; Kuang Jen, J. Wu; Kulp, Kristen S. Preparation of single cells for imaging/profiling mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2008, 19 (8): 1230–1236. PMID 18565760. doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.006可免费查阅. 
  13. ^ Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients. [2011-10-27]. (原始内容存档于2013-09-02). 
  14. ^ Barthakur, Madan. Ammonium Acetate. Synlett (Georg Thieme Verlag KG). 2007, 2007 (9): 1475–1476. ISSN 0936-5214. doi:10.1055/s-2007-980375. 

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