乙酸银

乙酸银
别名 醋酸银
识别
CAS号 563-63-3  checkY
PubChem 11246
ChemSpider 10772
SMILES
 
  • CC(=O)[O-].[Ag+]
InChI
 
  • 1/C2H4O2.Ag/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-REWHXWOFAJ
EINECS 209-254-9
RTECS AJ4100000
性质
化学式 AgC2H3O2
摩尔质量 166.912 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 米黄色固体[1]
有微酸性气味
密度 3.259 g/cm3[1]
沸点 220 °C(分解)
溶解性 1.02 g/100 mL(20 °C)[1]
危险性[2][1]
警示术语 R:R37/38, R41, R50
安全术语 S:S26, S39, S61
欧盟分类 刺激性 Xi 有害环境物质 N
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中有害物质的标签图案
H-术语 H315, H319, H335, H400
P-术语 P261, P273, P305+351+338
NFPA 704
0
1
0
 
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
36.7 mg/kg (小鼠)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙酸银,又名醋酸银,是无机化合物,结构式为CH3COOAg(或AgC2H3O2)。它是一种光敏感的白色晶状固体。它是一种有用的试剂,在实验室中作为水溶性银离子源,氧化阴离子。它已被用于一些戒烟药物中。

合成与结构

乙酸银可以由乙酸碳酸银在45–60 °C反应合成。冷却至室温后,产物以固体析出[3]

它也可以在浓硝酸银水溶液中与乙酸钠作用,生成沉淀制得。

乙酸银的结构为一对乙酸配体桥接中心的两个银,形成八元Ag2O4C2[4]

乙酸银在乙酸中的溶解度。
乙酸银在乙酸中的溶解度。

反应

羰基

乙酸银与一氧化碳(CO)一起,可以诱导伯和仲胺羰基化。也可以使用其它银盐,但乙酸银产率最好。

加氢

乙酸银在吡啶溶液中吸收氢,并还原出金属银[5]

直接邻位芳基化

对于苄胺和N-甲基苄胺,乙酸银在直接邻位芳基化(装在芳环上的两个相邻的取代基)中是一种有用的试剂。该反应需要钯催化,乙酸银需稍过量[6]。该反应比以前的邻位芳基化方法要短。

用途

在医疗领域,乙酸银被用于口香糖、喷剂和含片,防止吸烟者吸烟。这些产品中的银,随着烟进入吸烟者的口腔中,使吸烟者感受到不愉快的金属味,从而阻止他们吸烟。对500名成年吸烟者超过3个月的时间测试表明,含2.5毫克乙酸银的含片有“适当的疗效”。然而,一个为期12个月的测试却失败了。1974年,乙酸银在欧洲首次作为非处方戒烟含片(Repaton)推出,三年后推出了口香糖(Tabmint)[7]

安全

乙酸银对小鼠的腹腔注射LD50为36.7 mg/kg。低剂量的乙酸银使小鼠高度兴奋,运动失调,中枢神经系统受抑,呼吸困难,甚至死亡[8]。美国FDA建议,醋酸银的短时摄入量应限制在756毫克;摄入过多可能会导致银中毒[7][9]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Record of CAS RN 563-63-3 in the GESTIS Substance Database from the IFA英语Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
  2. ^ Datenblatt Silberacetat [Silberacetat安全信息单(MSDS)] (PDF). Herstellers Merck. [15. Januar 2012] (德语). 
  3. ^ Logvinenko, V.; Polunina, O.; Mikhailov, Yu; Mikhailov, K.; Bokhonov, B. Study of Thermal Decomposition of Silver Acetate. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2007, 90 (3): 813–816. doi:10.1007/s10973-006-7883-9. 
  4. ^ Leif P. Olson, David R. Whitcomb, Manju Rajeswaran, Thomas N. Blanton, Barbara J. Stwertka "The Simple Yet Elusive Crystal Structure of Silver Acetate and the Role of the Ag−Ag Bond in the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles during the Thermally Induced Reduction of Silver Carboxylates" Chem. Mater., 2006, volume 18, pp 1667–1674. doi:10.1021/cm052657v
  5. ^ Wright, Leon; Well, Sol, Mills, G.A. Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation III. Activation of Hydrogen by Cuprous and Silver Acetates in Pyridine and Dodecylamine. Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1955, 59: 1060–1064. doi:10.1021/j150532a016. 
  6. ^ Lazareva, Anna; Daugulis. Olafs. Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho-Arylation of Benzylamines. 2006, 8: 5211–5213. doi:10.1021/o1061919b. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Hymowitz, Norman; Eckholdt, Haftan. Effects of a 2.5-mg Silver Acetate Lozenge on Initial and Long-Term Smoking Cessation. Journal of Preventitive Medicine. 1996, 25 (5): 537–546. PMID 8888321. doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0087. 
  8. ^ Horner, Heidi C.; Roebuck, B.D.; Smith, Roger P.; English, Jackson P. Acute toxicity of some silver salts of sulfonamides in mice and the efficacy of penicillamine in silver poisoning. Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 1977, 6: 267–277 [2013-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-19). 
  9. ^ E. J. Jensen, E. Schmidt, B. Pedersen, R. Dahl. Effect on smoking cessation of silver acetate, nicotine and ordinary chewing gum, Influence of smoking history. Psychopharmacology. 1991, 104 (4): 470–474. PMID 1780416. doi:10.1007/BF02245651. 
  • Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. (编). Справочник химика. 2 3-е изд., испр. Л.: Химия. 1971: 1168. 
  • Рипан Р., Четяну И. Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов. 2. М.: Мир. 1972: 871. 

扩展阅读

  • F. H. MacDougall, and S. Peterson. Equilibria in Silver Acetate Solutions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1947, 51 (6): 1346–1361. doi:10.1021/j150456a009. 

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