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Duhovnost je stanje svesti u kojem se čovek predaje razvoju vlastitog duha. Sama reč potiče iz latinskog: spiritus = duh, ili spiro „dišem“. Duhovnost može biti, ali ne mora, povezana sa religijskom posvećenošću Bogu. Pojam duhovnosti usko se vezuje uz religiju, ali on može označavati i duševno stanje u kojem čovek svoju pažnju okreće prema onome što se ne nalazi u njegovoj neposrednoj okolini. Na primer, bavljenje filozofijom ili pisanje poezije, su neki od ne-verskih oblika duhovnosti. Biti duhovna osoba znači stavljati duhovno, metafizičko, i nematerijalno ispred prolaznog, svetovnog i materijalnog. Duhovnost se provodi molitvom, meditacijom i moralnim življenjem.

Značenje duhovnosti se vremenom razvijalo i širilo, te se različite konotacije mogu naći jedna pored druge.^[1]^[2]^[3]^{[note 1]} Tradicionalno, duhovnost se odnosila na religiozni proces ponovnog formiranja koji „ima za cilj da se oporavi prvobitni oblik čoveka",^{[note 2]} orijentisan na" sliku Božju"^[4]^[5] kao što su to primerili osnivači i sveti tekstovi religija sveta. Izraz se koristio u ranom hrišćanstvu da se odnosi na život orijentisan ka Svetom Duhu^[6] i proširen tokom kasnog srednjeg veka da uključi mentalne aspekte života.^[7] U modernim vremenima, izraz se proširio i na druge verske tradicije^[8] i proširio se na širi raspon iskustva, uključujući niz ezoteričnih i verskih tradicija. Savremene upotrebe imaju tendenciju da se pozivaju na subjektivno iskustvo svete dimenzije^[9] i „najdublje vrednosti i značenja po kojima ljudi žive“,^[10]^[11] često u kontekstu odvojenom od organizovanih verskih institucija.^[12] Ovo može uključivati veru u natprirodno područje izvan obično uočivog sveta,^[13] lični rast,^[14] potragu za konačnim ili svetim smislom,^[15] religiozno iskustvo,^[16] ili susret sa sopstvenom „unutrašnjom dimenzijom“.^[17]

Definicija

Ne postoji jedinstvena, široko usaglašena definicija duhovnosti.^[2]^[3]^{[note 1]} Pregledi definicije pojma, kako se koristi u naučnim istraživanjima, pokazuju širok spektar definicija sa ograničenim preklapanjem.^[1] Makarolov pregled kritika koje se bave temom duhovnosti dao je dvadeset i sedam eksplicitnih definicija, među kojima je „bilo malo saglasnosti”.^[1] To ometa sistematsko proučavanje duhovnosti i sposobnost smislene komunikacije nalaza. Štaviše, mnoge osnovne karakteristike duhovnosti nisu jedinstvene samo za duhovnost; na primer, samotranscendencija, asketizam i priznavanje vlastite povezanosti sa svima, ateista Artur Šopenhauer smatrao je ključem etičkog života.^[18]

Prema Kis Vajijman, tradicionalno značenje duhovnosti je proces ponovnog formiranja koji „ima za cilj da povrati prvobitni oblik čoveka, slika Boga. Da bi se to postiglo, ponovno formiranje je orijentisano na kalup, koji predstavlja izvorni oblik: u judaizmu Tora, u hrišćanstvu postoji Hrist, za budizam, Buda, a u islamu, Muhamed.”^{[note 2]} Houtman i Aupers sugerišu da je savremena duhovnost spoj humanističke psihologije, mistične i ezoterijske tradicije i istočne religije.^[14]

U moderno doba naglasak je na subjektivnom iskustvu^[9] i „najdubljim vrednostima i značenjima po kojima ljudi žive”,^[10]^[11] uključujući lični rast ili transformaciju, obično u kontekstu odvojenom od organizovanih verskih institucija.^[12]

Napomene

^ ^а ^б See:
* Koenig e.a.: "There is no widely agreed on definition of spirituality today".^[2]
* Cobb e.a.: "The spiritual dimension is deeply subjective and there is no authoritative definition of spirituality".^[3]
^ ^а ^б Waaijman^[4]^[5] uses the word "omvorming", "to change the form". Different translations are possible: transformation, re-formation, trans-mutation.

Reference

^ ^а ^б ^в McCarroll 2005, стр. 44.
^ ^а ^б ^в Koenig 2012, стр. 36.
^ ^а ^б ^в Cobb 2012, стр. 213.
^ ^а ^б Waaijman 2000, стр. 460.
^ ^а ^б Waaijman 2002.
^ Wong 2009.
^ „The medieval mind”. the Psychologist. Архивирано из оригинала 23. 10. 2021. г. Приступљено 15. 08. 2021.
^ Gorsuch 1999.
^ ^а ^б Saucier 2006, стр. 1259.
^ ^а ^б Sheldrake 2007, стр. 1–2.
^ ^а ^б Griffin 1988.
^ ^а ^б Wong 2008.
^ Schuurmans-Stekhoven 2014.
^ ^а ^б Houtman 2007.
^ Snyder 2007, стр. 261.
^ Sharf 2000.
^ Waaijman 2002, стр. 315.
^ The Academy of Ideas, The Ethics of Schopenhauer

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