Imunosupresant

Imunosupresant je svaka supstanca koja vrši potiskivanje i oslabljivanje normalne imunološke reakcije, (imunosupresiju imunskog sistema).[1] One mogu biti spoljašnje (egzogene), kao što su imunosupresivni lekovi, ili unutrašnje (endogene), kao što je npr. testosteron.[2][3] Kad je funkcija imunskog sistema potisnuta, postoji povećana osetljivost organizma na infektivne bolesti i rak.

Termin imunotoksin se takođe ponekad koristi (pogrešno) da se označe nepoželjni imunosupresanti, kao što su različiti zagađivači. Polihlorni bifenili (PCB) i herbicidi DDT su imunosupresanti[4].

Upotrebe

Imunosupresanti mogu biti propisani kad je normalni imuni odgovor nepoželjan, kao što je to slučaj kod autoimunskih bolesti.

Nakon presađivanja (transplantacije) organa, telo skoro uvek „odbaci“ novi organ usled razlike ljudskih leukocit antigen haplotipa između davaoca i primaoca organa. Reakcija „odbacivanja“ nastaje zato što, imunski sistem otkriva novo tkivo kao "neprijateljsko", i pokušava da ga ukloni napadajući ga primaočevim leukocitima, što dovodi do smrti tkiva presađenog organa. Imunosupresanti se zato, kod presađivanja organa, primenjuju kao protivmera. Nažalost njihovom primenom nastaju i neželjena dejstva, jer telo postaje podložnije infekcijama i malignitetu, slično kao kod poodmakle HIV infekcije.

Povezano

Reference

  1. ↑ Thomas J. Kindt, Richard A. Goldsby, Barbara Anne Osborne, Janis Kuby (2006). Kuby Immunology (6 izd.). New York: W H Freeman and company. ISBN 1-4292-0211-4. 
  2. ↑ Fimmel, S; Zouboulis CC (2005). „Influence of physiological androgen levels on wound healing and immune status in men”. Aging Male 8: 166–174. DOI:10.1080/13685530500233847. PMID 16390741. 
  3. ↑ Keith Parker; Laurence Brunton; Goodman, Louis Sanford; Lazo, John S.; Gilman, Alfred (2006). „Chapter 52. Immunosuppressants, tolerogens, and immunostimulants; Immunostimulation”. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (11 izd.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-142280-3. 
  4. ↑ (en)Udoji F, Martin T, Etherton R, Whalen MM. (2010). „Immunosuppressive effects of triclosan, nonylphenol, and DDT on human natural killer cells in vitro”. J Immunotoxicol. PMID 20297919. 

Vanjske veze

Šablon:Imunostimulanti

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