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Transplantacija organ
Transplantacija organ
Intervencija
	Sveti Cosmas and Damian čudotvorno transplantiraju crnu nogu belom. Ditzingen, 16. vek
ICD-10-PCS	0?Y
MeSH	D016377

Transplantacija predstavlja zamenu nefunkcionalnog organa putem hiruške intervencije. Ovakve procedure se najčešće izvode kod životno ugroženih osoba (npr. kardiomiopatija) i nešto ređe u cilju poboljšanja osnovnog kvaliteta života kod hroničnih bolesti koje se mogu tretirati na ovaj način.

Transplantaciona medicina zahteva posebnu edukaciju osoblja, specijalnu opremu i sveobuhvatno preoperativno i postoperativno nadgledanje pacijenta, kako bi se mogućnost odbacivanja organa svela na najmanju moguću meru.

Pravni i medicinski kriterijumi koji određuju kada se transplantacija može izvršiti su strogo regulisani. Skupština Republike Srbije je donela zakon o transplantaciji organa i tkiva 2009. godine.

Terminologija

Primalac je obolela osoba koja dobija organ od donora, izuzev u slučaju autotransplantacije. Donor može biti živa (bubreg, jetra) ili moždano umrla osoba (svi organi i tkiva).

Organi koji se mogu transplantirati:

jetra
bubreg
srce
rožnjača
delovi ekstremiteta
koža
koštana srž

Postupak

Transplantacija organa obuhvata sledeće faze:

imunološka tipizacija recipijenta i donora,
transplantacija,
imunosupresivna terapija.

Regenerativna medicina

Stvaranje organa iz matičnih ćelija je tehnologija za koju se očekuje da će u narednoj deceniji napraviti krupan pomak. U Leskovcu je osnovana Specijalna bolnica za lečenje steriliteta koja bi trebalo da preraste u Institut za matične ćelije.

Reference

Literatura

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