Император (Древний Рим)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Император (значения).

Импера́тор (лат. imperator — полководец, командующий, повелитель) — древнеримский почётный воинский титул, наиболее распространённый в период Поздней республики.

Почётный титул появился в период Второй Пунической войны, первым императором стал Публий Корнелий Сципион Африканский. Как правило, солдаты называли своего полководца императором после победы в крупном сражении. Полководец-император получал право на триумф и на использование титула в своём полном имени. Никакой государственной власти он не давал. Тем не менее, титул императора и триумф считались пиком в карьере военачальников Римской республики.

Октавиан Август первым начал использовать этот титул перед своим именем, а не после него, как было принято. Последним императором-не принцепсом был Квинт Юний Блез. После 22 года н. э. титул императора стал прерогативой исключительно первого лица Римского государства, а позднее его стали принимать и претенденты на правление в Риме. В результате основным значением термина стало политическое обозначение верховного правителя.

См. также

Литература

  • Император // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
  • Леус В. А. Сципион Африканский и титул imperator в политической системе Римской республики // Известия Саратовского университета. — 2010. Т. 10. История и международные отношения. — С. 82—84.

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