Nova economia clássica

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A nova economia clássica ou escola das expectativas racionais emerge como escola de macroeconomia durante os anos 1970. Oposta à economia keynesiana, construiu sua análise inteiramente a partir de modelos da economia neoclássica.

A nova economia clássica destaca particularmente a importância das ações dos indivíduos como agentes racionais, que baseiam suas escolhas em modelos microeconométricos. A chamada nova economia keynesiana desenvolveu-se parcialmente em resposta aos pressupostos dos novos clássicos, procurando estabelecer microfundamentos para a análise econômica - isto é, buscando uma redução da macroeconomia à microeconomia.[1][2]

Vários pressupostos são comuns à maioria dos modelos da nova economia clássica. Antes de tudo, assume-se que os agentes são racionais (tentam portanto maximizar a própria utilidade) e têm expectativas racionais. Além disso, pressupõe-se que a macroeconomia tem um único equilíbrio em pleno emprego que é atingido através do ajustamento entre preços e salários (equilíbrio de mercado).

O mais famoso modelo novo clássico é o da teoria dos ciclos reais de negócios (Real business cycle ou RBC), construído a partir da ideia de John Muth, entre outros, e desenvolvido por Robert Lucas, Thomas J. Sargent, Robert Barro, Finn E. Kydland e Edward Prescott.

Nos meios universitários dos Estados Unidos, há intensa rivalidade intelectual entre os novos keynesianos, como Paul Krugman, Joseph Stiglitz e Jeffrey Sachs, e os novos clássicos.

Referências

  1. ↑ Microfundamentos da Macroeconomia: notas críticas, por Eduardo Jardim, Guilherme Lichand e Paulo Gala. Estudos Econômicos, vol.39 n°.4. São Paulo. Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas da FEA-USP, Out./Dez. 2009. ISSN 0101-4161.
  2. ↑ OLIVEIRA LIMA, Luiz Antônio de - A Integração Micro-Macroeconomia: modelos e justificativas. Relatório de pesquisa 17/2005. São Paulo: EAESP-FGV.

Bibliografia

  • Alan P. Kirman, "Whom or What does the Representative Individual Represent?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 6(2), Spring 1992: 117-136.

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