Economia do bem-estar

Economia do bem-estar é um ramo da economia que usa técnicas microeconômicas para determinar simultaneamente a eficiência alocacional dentro de uma economia e a distribuição de renda associada a ela. Ela tenta atingir o bem-estar social examinando as actividades econômicas dos indivíduos que constituem a sociedade.

A economia do bem-estar preocupa-se com o bem-estar dos indivíduos, em vez de grupos, comunidades ou sociedades, porque ela assume que o indivíduo é a unidade básica de medida. Também assume que os indivíduos são os melhores juízes do seu próprio bem-estar, que as pessoas preferem mais bem-estar do que menos bem-estar, e que o bem-estar pode ser mensurado adequadamente, seja em termos monetários ou como uma preferência relativa.

O bem-estar social refere-se ao estado utilitário total da sociedade. Frequentemente, ele é definido como a soma do bem-estar de todos os indivíduos da sociedade. O bem-estar pode ser medido ou essencialmente em termo de dólares ou "utilidades", ou mensurado ordinariamente em termos de utilidade relativa. O método essencial é raramente usado hoje em dia por conta da agregação de problemas que tornam duvidosa a precisão do método e também por fortalecer presunções subjacentes.

Esses são os dois lados da economia do bem-estar: eficiência econômica e distribuição de renda. A eficiência econômica é grandemente positiva e lida com o "tamanho do bolo". A distribuição de renda é muito mais normativa e cuida de "dividir o bolo".

Referências

  • Arrow, K. Social Choice and Individual Values. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1951, 2da. ed., 1963.
  • Atkinson, A. The Economics of Inequality. Oxford University Press, Londres, 1975.
  • Chipman, J.S. e J.C. Moore. "The New Welfare Economics 1939-1974," International Economic Review, 19(3), pp. 547–584.
  • Feldman, A.M. Welfare Economics and Social Choice Theory. Martinus Nijoff, Boston, 1980.
  • _____ (1987). "welfare economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 4, pp. 889–95.
  • Little, I. A Critique of Welfare Economics, 2da. edição. Oxford University Press, Londres, 1973.
  • O'Connell, J. Welfare Economic Theory. Auburn House Publishing, Boston, 1982.
  • Just, R. et al. The Welfare Economics of Public Policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, 2004.
  • Samuelson, P.A. "Welfare Economics," Foundations of Economic Analysis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, cap. VIII, pp. 203–53 (1947; ed. ampliada, 1983).
  • _____ (1981). "Bergsonian Welfare Economics", in S. Rosefielde (ed.), Economic Welfare and the Economics of Soviet Socialism: Essays in Honor of Abram Bergson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 223–66.

Ligações externas

  • MARINHO, Emerson; SOARES, Francisco; BENEGAS, Mauricio. Desigualdade de renda e eficiência técnica na geração de bem-estar entre os estados brasileiros. Rev. Bras. Econ., Rio de Janeiro, v. 58, n. 4, 2004 . Disponível em: Scielo. Acesso em: 07 Ago 2007.
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