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Igor Sikorsky

Igor Sikorsky
Игорь Сикорский
Igor Sikorsky
Nascimento 25 de maio de 1889
Kiev, Império Russo
Morte 26 de outubro de 1972 (83 anos)
Easton, Connecticut
Estados Unidos
Nacionalidade Russoamericano
Cônjuge Olga Fyodorovna Simkovitch
Elisabeth Semion
Filho(a)(s) 5
Alma mater Instituto Politécnico Kyiv
ESTACA
Prêmios Medalha Howard N. Potts (1933)
Medalha ASME (1963)
Medalha Nacional de Ciências (1967)
Medalha John Fritz (1968)[1]
National Inventors Hall of Fame (1987)
Campo(s) Projetista de aeronaves, helicóptero

Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (em russo: Игорь Иванович Сикорский; Kiev, 25 de maio de 1889 — Easton, 26 de outubro de 1972)[2] foi um pioneiro russo-americano[3][4] da aviação tanto em helicópteros quanto em aeronaves de asa fixa. Seu primeiro sucesso veio com o S-2, a segunda aeronave de sua concepção e construção. Seu quinto avião, o S-5, lhe rendeu reconhecimento nacional e a licença de piloto número 64 da F.A.I.[5] Seu S-6-A recebeu a mais alta premiação na Exposição de Aviação de Moscou de 1912, e no outono daquele ano, a aeronave ganhou o primeiro prêmio para seu jovem designer, construtor e piloto na competição militar em São Petersburgo.[6]

Depois de imigrar para os Estados Unidos em 1919, Sikorsky fundou a Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation em 1923[7] e desenvolveu o primeiro hidroavião da Pan American Airways na década de 1930.

Em 1939, Sikorsky desenhou e voou no Vought-Sikorsky VS-300,[8] o primeiro helicóptero americano viável, que foi pioneiro na configuração de rotor usada pela maioria dos helicópteros hoje.[9] Sikorsky modified the design into the Sikorsky R-4, which became the world's first mass-produced helicopter in 1942.

Vida

Monumento a Igor Sikorsky em Kiev

Nascido em Kiev capital da Ucrânia (à época, parte do Império Russo), Sikorsky posteriormente naturalizou-se estadunidense. Concebeu o primeiro avião quadrimotor e desenvolveu os primeiros hidroaviões de casco para a Pan American Airways, nos anos 1930. Também liderou, em 1940, o desenvolvimento do helicóptero Vought-Sikorsky VS-300,[10] dentro da configuração que se tornou usual - um rotor principal e um rotor vertical antitorque, na cauda. O VS-300 (ou S-46) equipado com flutuadores foi o primeiro helicóptero anfíbio funcional da história.[11]

Embora Sikorsky seja frequentemente aclamado como o responsável pela produção de helicópteros em série e por outros feitos ligados à história do helicóptero, algumas fontes indicam que esses méritos seriam devidos ao alemão Anton Flettner,[12][13] que parece ter sido, de fato, o responsável pelo desenvolvimento do primeiro helicóptero monorrotor, bem como pela fabricação em massa e pelo uso realmente significativo dessas aeronaves durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.[14]

Um pequeno documentário de 1936 mostra o FI-185[15] de Flettner em voo.[16]

Se você estiver em perigo em qualquer parte do mundo, um avião pode sobrevoar o local e lhe jogar flores, mas um helicóptero pode pousar e salvar a sua vida.
 
Igor Sikorsky (1889-1972).

Trabalhos publicados

  • Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. The Message of the Lord's Prayer. New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1942. OCLC 2928920
  • Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. The Invisible Encounter. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1947. OCLC 1446225
  • Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. The Story of the Winged-S: Late Developments and Recent Photographs of the Helicopter, an Autobiography. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1967. OCLC 1396277

Ver também

Outros projetos Wikimedia também contêm material sobre este tema:
Commons Categoria no Commons

Referências

  1. «John Fritz Medal Past Recipients» (em inglês). American Association of Engineering Societies. Consultado em 30 de junho de 2015. Cópia arquivada em 30 de junho de 2015 
  2. Fortier, Rénald. "Igor Sikorsky: One Man, Three Careers." Arquivado em 2013-10-16 no Wayback Machine aviation.technomuses.ca, 1996. Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2008.
  3. "Britannica Concise Encyclopedia" Arquivado em abril 4, 2023, no Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2006, p. 1751.
  4. "Sergei Sikorsky: Reflecting on the 90th Anniversary of Sikorsky Aircraft" Arquivado em 2015-07-19 no Wayback Machine
  5. «Sikorsky Archives | S-5». SikorskyArchives.com. Consultado em 28 de julho de 2018. Cópia arquivada em 18 de julho de 2018 
  6. «History». SikorskyArchives.com. Part 2. Consultado em 27 de abril de 2020. Cópia arquivada em 8 de agosto de 2020 
  7. "About Sikorsky." Arquivado em 2009-11-03 no Wayback Machine Sikorsky Aircraft. Acessado em 11 de dezembro de 2008.
  8. Spenser 1998, p. 25.
  9. Woods 1979, p. 262.
  10. Igor Sikorsky na última versão do VS-300. Imagem do Commons Wikimedia
  11. «Sikorsky VS-300 helicopter». Heli Start (em inglês). Consultado em 31 de agosto de 2019 
  12. Helicopters of the Third Reich, Steve Coates, ISBN 1-903223-24-5
  13. Flettner Fl 282 Kolibri
  14. V. no YouTube, o vídeo histórico Where Eagles Dare - The real German WW2 Helicopter
  15. Luftwaffe39-45 - Flettner Fl 185 "Heliogyro". Visitado em 19 de novembro de 2015.
  16. V. no YouTube, o vídeo histórico Sikorsky Vs Flettner: World's 1st Single rotor Helicopter

Bibliografia

  • Delear, Frank J. Igor Sikorsky: His Three Careers in Aviation. New York: Dodd Mead, 1969, Revised edition, 1976. ISBN 978-0-396-07282-9.
  • Hacker, Barton C. and Margaret Vining. American Military Technology: The Life Story of a Technology. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8018-8772-7.
  • Ikenson, Ben. Patents: Ingenious Inventions, How They Work and How They Came to Be. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57912-367-3.
  • Lake, Jon. The Great Book of Bombers: The World's Most Important Bombers from World War I to the Present Day. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company, 2002. ISBN 0-7603-1347-4.
  • Leishman, J. Gordon. "The Dream of True Flight." Online summary: Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-521-85860-7.
  • Murphy, Justin D. Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact (Weapons and warfare series). Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2005. ISBN 1-85109-488-1.
  • Sikorsky, Igor Ivan. The Story of the Winged-S: Late Developments and Recent Photographs of the Helicopter, an Autobiography. New York: Dodd, Mead, originally published 1938 (updated editions, various years up to 1948), Revised edition, 1967.
  • Spenser, Jay P. Whirlybirds, A History of the U.S. Helicopter Pioneers. Seattle, Washington, USA: University of Washington Press, 1998. ISBN 0-295-97699-3.
  • Woods, Carlos C. "Memorial Tributes", pp. 253–266. Igor Ivan Sikorsky. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Engineering (The Academy), 1979.
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