Africada alvéolo palatal sonora sibilante

Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
ɟʑ
IPA 216
Codificação
Entidade (decimal) ʥ
Unicode (hex) U+02A5
X-SAMPA d_z\
Som

A africada alvéolo-palatal sonora sibilante é um fonema raramente encontrado em línguas.

Os símbolos no Alfabeto Fonético Internacional que representam este som são ⟨d͡ʑ⟩, ⟨d͜ʑ⟩, ⟨ɟ͡ʑ⟩ e ⟨ɟ͜ʑ⟩, e os símbolos X-SAMPA equivalentes são d_z\ e J\_z\, embora transcrevendo o componente de parada com ⟨ɟ⟩ (J\ no X-SAMPA) é raro. A barra de ligação pode ser omitida, resultando em ⟨dʑ⟩ ou ⟨ɟʑ⟩ no IPA e dz\ ou J\z\ no X-SAMPA.[1]

Nem [d] nem [ɟ] são uma transcrição completamente estreita do componente de parada, que pode ser transcrita de forma restrita como [d̠ʲ] (retraído e palatalizado [d]), [ɟ̟] ou [ɟ˖] (ambos os símbolos denotam um avançado [ɟ]). Os símbolos X-SAMPA equivalentes são d_-' ou d_-_j e J\ _+, respectivamente. Também existe um símbolo dedicado ⟨ȡ⟩, que não faz parte do AFI. Portanto, as transcrições estreitas da africada sibilante alvéolo-palatal expressa incluem [d̠ʲʑ], [ɟ̟ʑ], [ɟ˖ʑ] e [ȡʑ].[2]

Esta africada costumava ter um símbolo dedicado ⟨ʥ⟩, que era um dos seis símbolos dedicados para africadas no Alfabeto Fonético Internacional. É o equivalente sibilante da africada palatal expressa.[2]

Características

  • Sua forma de articulação é a africada sibilante, o que significa que é produzida primeiro interrompendo totalmente o fluxo de ar, depois direcionando-o com a língua para a borda afiada dos dentes, causando turbulência de alta frequência.[3]
  • Seu ponto de articulação é alvéolo-palatal. Isso significa que:
  1. Seu local de articulação é pós-alveolar, o que significa que a língua entra em contato com o céu da boca na área atrás da crista alveolar (a linha gengival).[3]
  2. A forma da língua é laminal, o que significa que é a lâmina da língua que entra em contato com o céu da boca.[3]
  3. É fortemente palatalizado, o que significa que o meio da língua está curvado e levantado em direção ao palato duro. Sua fonação é expressa, o que significa que as cordas vocais vibram durante a articulação.[3]
  • É uma consoante oral, o que significa que o ar só pode escapar pela boca.[4][3]
  • É uma consoante central, o que significa que é produzida direcionando o fluxo de ar ao longo do centro da língua, em vez de para os lados.[3]
  • O mecanismo da corrente de ar é pulmonar, o que significa que é articulado empurrando o ar apenas com os pulmões e o diafragma, como na maioria dos sons.[4]

Ocorrência

Língua Palavra AFI Significado Notas
Bengali খন [d͡ʑɔkʰon] Quando
Catalão[5] Todos os dialetos metge [ˈmedd͡ʑə] Doutor
Valenciano joc [ˈd͡ʑɔk] Jogo
Chinês Min do sul 日 / ji̍t [d͡ʑit̚˧ʔ] Sol
Wu [d͡ʑy] Ele/Ela
Irlandês Alguns dialetos[6][7][8] Dia [d͡ʑiə] Deus Realização da oclusiva alveolar palatalizada /dʲ/ em dialetos como Erris, Teelin e Tourmakeady.[6][7][8]
Japonês 知人 / chijin [t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ] Conhecido
Coreano 편지 / pyeonji [pʰjɘːnd͡ʑi] Carta
Polonês[9] więk [d͡ʑvjɛŋk] Som
Romeno Dialeto banat[10] des [d͡ʑes] Frequente Alofone de /d/ antes de vogais frontais. Corresponde a [d] em romeno padrão.
Russo дочь бы [ˈd̪o̞d͡ʑ bɨ] A filha iria[11] Alofone de /t͡ɕ/ antes de consoantes expressas.
Sema[12] aji [à̠d͡ʑì] Sangue Alofone possível de /ʒ/ antes de /i, e/; pode ser realizado como [ʑ] ~ [ʒ] ~ [d͡ʒ] ao invés.[12]
Servo-croata[13][14] ђаво / đavo [d͡ʑâ̠ʋo̞ː] Demônio Combina com /d͡ʒ/ na maioria dos sotaques croatas e alguns acentos bósnios.
Usbeque[15] [exemplo necessário]
Xumi Inferior[16] [Hd͡ʑɐʔ] Água
Superior[17] [Hd͡ʑɜ]
Yi ꐚ / jji [d͡ʑi˧] Abelha

Referências

  1. de Búrca (1958)
  2. a b Wagner (1959)
  3. a b c d e f Maddieson; Ladefoged, Ian; Peter (1996). The Sounds of World's Languages. [S.l.: s.n.] 
  4. a b Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)
  5. Wheeler (2005):12
  6. a b Mhac an Fhailigh (1968):36–37
  7. a b Wagner (1959):9–10
  8. a b de Búrca (1958):24–25
  9. Jassem (2003):105
  10. Pop (1938), p. 29.
  11. ''Iria'' está no Futuro do Pretérito.
  12. a b Teo (2014):23
  13. Kordić (2006), p. 5.
  14. Landau et al. (1999), p. 67.
  15. Sjoberg (1963):12
  16. Chirkova & Chen (2013), p. 365.
  17. Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), p. 382.

Bibliografia

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