Sha'ab i Israel

Sha'ab
שַׁעַבּ, شعب, Sha'av
lokal kommune
Land  Israel
Distrikt Nord
Koordinatar 32°53′28.16″N 35°14′27.2″E / 32.8911556°N 35.240889°E / 32.8911556; 35.240889
Areal 5,4 km²
Folketal 6 000  (2006)
Folketettleik 1 111 / km²
Kart
Sha'ab i Israel
32°53′20″N 35°14′13″E / 32.888888888889°N 35.236944444444°E / 32.888888888889; 35.236944444444
Kart som viser Sha'ab i Israel.
Kart som viser Sha'ab i Israel.
Kart som viser Sha'ab i Israel.
Wikimedia Commons: Sha'ab

Sha'ab (arabisk شعب, hebraisk שַׁעַבּ)[1] er ein arabisk by (lokal kommune) i Nord distrikt i Israel. Han hadde i 2006 eit folketal på 6 000.

Historie

Den franske vitskapsmannen Victor Guérin meinte Sha'ab var den same staden som Saab, ein stad nemnt av Josefus i det første hundreåret.[2][3]

I 1517 vart Sha'ab ein del av Det osmanske riket i lag med resten av Palestina. I 1573 var Sha'ab ein av fleire landsbyar i Galilea som gjorde opprør mot osmanarane.[4] I 1596 stod landsbyen oppført i osmanske skattelister som ein del av Akko nahiya med eit folketal på 139 muslimske hushaldningar. Han betalte skattar av kveite, bygg, frukttre, og geiter og bikubar.[5]

I følgje ei lokal segn, starta landsbyen å bløme under den anti-osmanske opprøraren Daher el-Omar (ca. 1768).[6] I 1859 var folketalet estimert til 1 500. Somme var katolikkar, men mesteparten muslimar.[7] Guérin vitja staden i 1870-åra og skreiv at landsbyen Sh'aib bestod av fire strøk. Innbyggjarane var for det meste muslimar, kring 800, og kring 20 «skismatisk-greske» familiar. Muslimane hadde to moskear og to waliar.[8][9] I 1881 vart Sha'ab skildra som ein stad i ein dal med fine olivenlundar, medan delar av åsen bak vart nytta til korndyrking.[7]

I folketeljinga i 1931 hadde Sha'ab had 284 busette hus og eit folketal på 1 277 muslimar, 19 kristne og 1 Jew.[10] I 1945 hadde Sha'ab 1 740 innbyggjarar, alle klassifisert som arabarar. Dei eigde i alt 17 870 dekar land, medan 121 dekar var offentleg eige.[11]

Krigen i 1948 og tida etter

Sha'ab vart erobra av Det israelske forsvaret (IDF) den 19. juli 1948 under den første arabisk-israelske krigen. Innbyggjarane overgav seg utan kamp,[12] og lansbyen vart så avfolka under den palestinske utflyttinga. Forsvaret fann likevel innbyggjarar i Sha'ab i desember 1948 og desse vart drivne bort til fots.[13] Landsbyen var hovudkvarteret og heimstaden til Abu Is'af, leiaren for ein av dei mest effektive lokale militsane under krigen og ein som vart sett på som ein helt av mange arabarar i området.

Dei fleste innbyggjarane i Sha'ab vart internt forflytta flyktningar, som slo seg ned i nærliggande arabiske landsbyar, hovudsakleg Majd al-Krum og Sakhnin. Samstundes slo mange flyktningar frå avfolka landsbyar som al-Birwa, al-Damun og Mi'ar seg ned i Sha'ab i 1948 og fleire kom frå Kirad al-Ghannam og Kirad al-Baqqara i Huladalen i 1953.

Sjå òg

Kjelder

  1. Palmer, 1881, s.116
  2. Josefus, III, § 21, sitert i Guérin, 1880, s. 434-435, sitert i Petersen, 2002, s. 275
  3. TIR, s. 218, sitert i Petersen, 2002, s. 275
  4. Heyd, 1960, s. 84-85. Sitert i Petersen, 2002, s. 275
  5. Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth and Kamal Abdulfattah (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and South Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Tyskland: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. s. 193. 
  6. Petersen, 2002, s. 275
  7. 7,0 7,1 Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP, s. 271
  8. Guérin, 1880, s. 434-435
  9. Conder & Kitchener, 1881, p 339
  10. E. Mills, red. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine. s. 102. 
  11. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Sitert i S. Hadawi, Village Statistics, 1945. PLO Research Sentral, 1970, s. 41[daud lenkje]
  12. Morris 2004, s. 423
  13. Morris 2004, s. 514

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