Robert B. Laughlin

Robert Betts Laughlin


Fødd	1. november 1950 (74 år) Visalia i California i USA
Nasjonalitet	Amerikansk
Område	fysikk
Yrke	fysikar, universitetslærar, faglitterær forfattar, akademikar
Institusjonar	Stanford University Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Bell Labs
Alma mater	MIT UC Berkeley
Doktorgradsrettleiar	John Joannopoulos
Kjend for	Kvante Hall-effekten
Medlem	National Academy of Sciences American Academy of Arts and Sciences American Association for the Advancement of Science American Physical Society

Robert B. Laughlin (fødd 1. november 1950) er ein amerikansk fysikar.^[1]

Laughlin mottok Nobelprisen i fysikk i 1998, saman med Horst Ludwig Störmer og Daniel C. Tsui, «for oppdagingane deira av ein ny form for kvantevæske med fraksjonelt ladde eksitasjonar».^[2]

Han vart løna med Nobelprisen for å ha oppdaga at elektron opptrer saman i sterke magnetiske felt, og kan danne nye typar «partiklar» med ladningar som er ein brøkdel av ladninga til elektronet. Störmer og Tsui gjorde oppdaginga i 1982 under eit eksperiment der dei utnytta ekstremt sterke magnetfelt og låge temperaturar. Innan eitt år etter oppdaginga lukkast det Laughlin å forklare resultatet dei fekk. Gjennom teoretisk analyse viste han at elektrona i eit sterkt magnetfelt kan kondensere og danne ei slags kvantevæske, som minna om dei kvantevæsker som oppstår ved superleiing og i flytande helium.

Laughlin tok doktorgrad i fysikk ved Massachusetts Institute of Technology i 1979, og har sidan 1989 vore professor ved Stanford University

I 2008 heldt Laughlin «The Lars Onsager Lecture» ved NTNU.^[3]

Kjelder

Denne artikkelen bygger på «Robert B. Laughlin» frå Wikipedia på bokmål, den 22. februar 2012.
- Wikipedia på bokmål oppgav desse kjeldene:

↑ «Robert B. Laughlin - Biographical», Nobelprize.org.
↑ «The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998», Nobelprize.org, besøkt 18. september 2011.
↑ «The Lars Onsager Lecture», NTNU, besøkt 18. september 2011.

v d e Vinnarar av Nobelprisen i fysikk
1901–1925	Röntgen (1901) • Lorentz / Zeeman (1902) • Becquerel / P. Curie / M. Curie (1903) • Rayleigh (1904) • Lenard (1905) • Thomson (1906) • Michelson (1907) • Lippmann (1908) • Marconi / Braun (1909) • van der Waals (1910) • Wien (1911) • Dalén (1912) • Kamerlingh Onnes (1913) • Laue (1914) • W. L. Bragg / W. H. Bragg (1915) • Barkla (1917) • Planck (1918) • Stark (1919) • Guillaume (1920) • Einstein (1921) • N. Bohr (1922) • Millikan (1923) • M. Siegbahn (1924) • Franck / Hertz (1925)
1926–1950	Perrin (1926) • Compton / C. Wilson (1927) • O. Richardson (1928) • De Broglie (1929) • Raman (1930) • Heisenberg (1932) • Schrödinger / Dirac (1933) • Chadwick (1935) • Hess / C. D. Anderson (1936) • Davisson / Thomson (1937) • Fermi (1938) • Lawrence (1939) • Stern (1943) • Rabi (1944) • Pauli (1945) • Bridgman (1946) • Appleton (1947) • Blackett (1948) • Yukawa (1949) • Powell (1950)
1951–1975	Cockcroft / Walton (1951) • Bloch / Purcell (1952) • Zernike (1953) • Born / Bothe (1954) • Lamb / Kusch (1955) • Shockley / Bardeen / Brattain (1956) • Yang / T. D. Lee (1957) • Tsjerenkov / Frank / Tamm (1958) • Segrè / Chamberlain (1959) • Glaser (1960) • Hofstadter / Mössbauer (1961) • Landau (1962) • Wigner / Goeppert-Mayer / Jensen (1963) • Townes / Basov / Prokhorov (1964) • Tomonaga / Schwinger / Feynman (1965) • Kastler (1966) • Bethe (1967) • Alvarez (1968) • Gell-Mann (1969) • Alfvén / Néel (1970) • Gabor (1971) • Bardeen / Cooper / Schrieffer (1972) • Esaki / Giaever / Josephson (1973) • Ryle / Hewish (1974) • A. Bohr / Mottelson / Rainwater (1975)
1976–2000	Richter / Ting (1976) • P. W. Anderson / Mott / Van Vleck (1977) • Kapitsa / Penzias / R. Wilson (1978) • Glashow / Salam / Weinberg (1979) • Cronin / Fitch (1980) • Bloembergen / Schawlow / K. Siegbahn (1981) • K. Wilson (1982) • Chandrasekhar / Fowler (1983) • Rubbia / van der Meer (1984) • von Klitzing (1985) • Ruska / Binnig / Rohrer (1986) • Bednorz / Müller (1987) • Lederman / Schwartz / Steinberger (1988) • Ramsey / Dehmelt / Paul (1989) • Friedman / Kendall / R. Taylor (1990) • de Gennes (1991) • Charpak (1992) • Hulse / J. Taylor (1993) • Brockhouse / Shull (1994) • Perl / Reines (1995) • D. Lee / Osheroff / R. Richardson (1996) • Chu / Cohen-Tannoudji / Phillips (1997) • Laughlin / Störmer / Tsui (1998) • 't Hooft / Veltman (1999) • Alferov / Kroemer / Kilby (2000)
2001–	Cornell / Ketterle / Wieman (2001) • Davis / Koshiba / Giacconi (2002) • Abrikosov / Ginzburg / Leggett (2003) • Gross / Politzer / Wilczek (2004) • Glauber / Hall / Hänsch (2005) • Mather / Smoot (2006) • Fert / Grünberg (2007) • Nambu / Kobayashi / Maskawa (2008) • Kao / Boyle / Smith (2009) • Geim / Konstantin Novoselov (2010) • Perlmutter / Riess / Schmidt (2011) • Haroche / Wineland (2012) • Englert / Higgs (2013) • Akasaki / Amano / Nakamura (2014) • Kajita / McDonald (2015) • Thouless / Haldane / Kosterlitz (2016) • Weiss / Barish / Thorne (2017) • Ashkin / Mourou / Strickland (2018) • Peebles / Mayor / Queloz (2019) • Penrose / Genzel / Ghez (2020) •

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