Dvaita vedanta

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Dvaita vedanta (skr. द्वैत वेदान्त = IAST: dvaita- vedānta- „dveja vedanta“), dar žinoma kaip bhedavada, tatvavada – vienos iš 6 ortodoksinių hinduizmo mokyklų – vedantos – mokymas, kurį XIII a. išdėstė Madhva. Jo mokymo pagrindai išdėstyti komentaruose, skirtuose „Brahmasūtrai“, upanišadoms ir „Bhagavadgytai“.

Priešingai nei advaita vedanta, kuri teigia visos kūrinijos galutinę vienovę (monizmą), dvaita vedantos mokymas pabrėžia atskirtį tarp kosmoso sandų. Pasak Madhvos, yra 3 amžinos ontologinės esatys – dievas (Brahmātmeśvara arba Višnus), nuo jo priklausomos individualiosios sielos (džyvos) bei negyvoji gamta. Esti skirtumai tarp dievo ir individualiosios sielos, dievo ir negyvosios gamtos, individualiosios sielos ir negyvosios gamtos, tarp individualiųjų sielų ir tarp negyvosios gamtos kategorijų. Pagal dvaitą vedantą, dievo ir žmogaus netapatumas išlieka net pasiekus aukščiausią vienybę.[1]

Dvaita vedanta yra vaišnavinis mokymas. Madhva upanišadų Brahmaną tapatina su Višnumi ir neigia jo nepažinumo principą. Pasak dvaitinio mokymo, dievas yra asmeniškas ir savybiškas (saguna). Sielos laikomos dievybės atspindžiais, tačiau netapačiais pačiai dievybei.

Dvaita vedanta turėjo įtakos vaišnavizmui Bengalijoje. Šiuo mokymu iš dalies sekė Nimbarka, Valabha, Čaitanja Mahaprabhu.

Kai kurie ankstyvieji indologai, pvz., Džordžas Grirsonas Madhvos mokymą laikė esant paveiktą krikščioniškos teologijos.[2]

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ Kazimieras Seibutis. dvaita vedanta. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. V (Dis-Fatva). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2004
  2. ↑ Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006), Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Infobase.

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