バイエル符号における名称はα Canis Majoris、略称はα CMa。シリウスは、ギリシャ語で「焼き焦がすもの」「光り輝くもの」を意味する「セイリオス(Σείριος, Seirios)」に由来する[23]が、ギリシャ語自体が、古代以前に他の場所から伝来した可能性がある[92]。古代エジプトの神オシリスとの関連も示唆されている[93]。シリウスの名称は紀元前7世紀頃の詩人ヘーシオドスの仕事と日にて初めて記録されている[92]。2016年、国際天文学連合(IAU)は、恒星の固有名に関するワーキンググループ(Working Group on Star Names, WGSN)を組織した[94]。2016年6月30日にワーキンググループは、Sirius をおおいぬ座α星Aの固有名として公式に承認した[24]。
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^Vigan A, Gry C, Salter G, Mesa D, Homeier D, Moutou C, Allard F (2015). “High-contrast imaging of Sirius A with VLT/SPHERE: looking for giant planets down to one astronomical unit”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society454 (1): 129-43. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1928.
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