惑星の主星からの反射光は主星自体の光と比べるととても弱いため、基本的に惑星を直接捉える事は非常に困難である。ただし、惑星が主星から比較的遠くに位置しており、その熱放射を観測する事が出来る場合がある。こうした発見方法は、直接撮像法(英語: Direct imaging method)[84][85]や直接撮影法と呼ばれる。現在確立されている太陽系外惑星の発見方法の中では唯一の直接法である。熱放射による観測では、惑星系までの距離が地球に近く、サイズが木星よりも大きく、主星から離れていて、表面温度が高く強い赤外線を放射している惑星が検出されやすい。観測には赤外線が用いられるため、観測された惑星は可視光線よりも明るく見える。恒星の光を隠すコロナグラフを用いれば、可視光線での観測も可能になるが、地球のような惑星を直接観測するにはとても高い光熱安定性が必要となる[86]。惑星系が形成されたばかりの場合、主星と惑星のコントラストの面では赤外線よりもH-アルファ線の方が有効とされており、現在それを使用した観測が進んでいる[87]。
^Auriere, Michel; Konstantinova-Antova, Renada; Espagnet, Olivier; et al. (2013). “Pollux: A stable weak dipolar magnetic field but no planet?”. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union9: 359. arXiv:1310.6907. doi:10.1017/S1743921314002476.
^Charbonneau, D.; T. Brown; A. Burrows; G. Laughlin (2006). "When Extrasolar Planets Transit Their Parent Stars". Protostars and Planets V. University of Arizona Press. arXiv:astro-ph/0603376。
^Irwin, Jonathan; Charbonneau, David; Nutzman, Philip et al. (2008). “Parameters and Predictions for the Long-Period Transiting Planet HD 17156b”. The Astrophysical Journal681 (1): 636-643. arXiv:0801.1496. Bibcode: 2008ApJ...681..636I. doi:10.1086/588461.
^ abFaigler, Simchon; Tal-Or, Lev; Mazeh, Tsevi; Latham, Dave W.; Buchhave, Lars A. (2013). “BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves: I. Discovery of Kepler-76b: A hot Jupiter with evidence for superrotation”. The Astrophysical Journal771: 26. arXiv:1304.6841. Bibcode: 2013ApJ...771...26F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/26.
^Shibahashi, Hiromoto; Kurtz, Donald W. (2012). “FM stars: A Fourier view of pulsating binary stars, a new technique for measuring radial velocities photometrically”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society422: 738. arXiv:1202.0105. Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.422..738S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20654.x.
^Miralda-Escude (2001). “Orbital perturbations on transiting planets: A possible method to measure stellar quadrupoles and to detect Earth-mass planets”. The Astrophysical Journal564 (2): 1019–1023. arXiv:astro-ph/0104034. Bibcode: 2002ApJ...564.1019M. doi:10.1086/324279.
^Sarah Ballard; Daniel Fabrycky; Francois Fressin; et al. (2011). “The Kepler-19 System: A Transiting 2.2 R_Earth Planet and a Second Planet Detected via Transit Timing Variations”. The Astrophysical Journal743 (2): 200. arXiv:1109.1561. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...743..200B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/200.
^Doyle, Laurance R., Hans-Jorg Deeg, J.M. Jenkins, J. Schneider, Z. Ninkov, R. P.S. Stone, J.E. Blue, H. Götzger, B, Friedman, and M.F. Doyle (1998). "Detectability of Jupiter-to-brown-dwarf-mass companions around small eclipsing binary systems". Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets, A.S.P. Conference Proceedings, in Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets, R. Rebolo, E. L. Martin, and M.R.Z. Osorio (eds.), A.S.P. Conference Series 134, San Francisco, California, 224–231.
^Brooks, Thomas; Stahl, H. P.; Arnold, William R. (2015). “Advanced Mirror Technology Development (AMTD) thermal trade studies”. Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions VII. Optical Modeling and Performance Predictions VII. 9577. pp. 957703. doi:10.1117/12.2188371
^Schmid, H. M.; Beuzit, J.-L.; Feldt, M.; and others; Gratton, R.; Henning, Th.; Joos, F.; Kasper, M. et al. (2006). “Search and investigation of extra-solar planets with polarimetry”. Direct Imaging of Exoplanets: Science & Techniques. Proceedings of the IAU Colloquium #2001 (C200): 165–170. Bibcode: 2006dies.conf..165S. doi:10.1017/S1743921306009252.
^Schmid, H. M.; Gisler; Joos; Povel; Stenflo; Feldt; Lenzen; Brandner et al. (2004). “ZIMPOL/CHEOPS: a Polarimetric Imager for the Direct Detection of Extra-solar Planets”. Astronomical Polarimetry: Current Status and Future Directions ASP Conference Series343: 89. Bibcode: 2005ASPC..343...89S.
^Hough, J. H.; Lucas, P. W.; Bailey, J. A.; Tamura, M.; Hirst, E.; Harrison, D.; Bartholomew-Biggs, M. (2006). “PlanetPol: A Very High Sensitivity Polarimeter”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific118 (847): 1305–1321. Bibcode: 2006PASP..118.1305H. doi:10.1086/507955.
^Jacob, W. S. (Jun 1855). “On certain Anomalies presented by the Binary Star 70 Ophiuchi”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society15 (9): 228–230. Bibcode: 1855MNRAS..15..228J. doi:10.1093/mnras/15.9.228.
^ abSee, Thomas Jefferson Jackson (1896). “Researches on the Orbit of F.70 Ophiuchi, and on a Periodic Perturbation in the Motion of the System Arising from the Action of an Unseen Body”. The Astronomical Journal16: 17. Bibcode: 1896AJ.....16...17S. doi:10.1086/102368.
^Gatewood, G. (May 1996). “Lalande 21185”. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society (American Astronomical Society, 188th AAS Meeting, #40.11;) 28: 885. Bibcode: 1996AAS...188.4011G.
^Bean, J.; Andreas Seifahrt; Henrik Hartman; Hampus Nilsson; Ansgar Reiners; Stefan Dreizler; Henry; Guenter Wiedemann (2009). "The Proposed Giant Planet Orbiting VB 10 Does Not Exist". arXiv:0912.0003v2 [astro-ph.EP]。
^Muterspaugh, Matthew W.; Lane, Benjamin F.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Konacki, Maciej; Burke, Bernard F.; Colavita, M. M.; Shao, M.; Hartkopf, William I. et al. (2010). “The PHASES Differential Astrometry Data Archive. V. Candidate Substellar Companions to Binary Systems”. The Astronomical Journal140 (6): 1657. arXiv:1010.4048. Bibcode: 2010AJ....140.1657M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1657.
^Nichols, J. D. (2011). “Magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling at Jupiter-like exoplanets with internal plasma sources: implications for detectability of auroral radio emissions”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society414 (3): 2125. arXiv:1102.2737. Bibcode: 2011MNRAS.414.2125N. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18528.x.
^ abGreaves, J. S.; Wyatt, M. C.; Holland, W. S.; Dent, W. F. R (2004). “The debris disk around tau Ceti: a massive analogue to the Kuiper Belt”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society351 (3): L54–L58. Bibcode: 2004MNRAS.351L..54G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07957.x.
^ abGreaves, J. S.; Wyatt, M. C.; Holland, W. S.; Dent, W. F. R (2003). "Submillimetre Images of the Closest Debris Disks". Scientific Frontiers in Research on Extrasolar Planets. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. pp. 239–244.
^Tingley, B.; Parviainen, H.; Gandolfi, D.; Deeg, H. J.; Pallé, E.; Montañés Rodriguez, P.; Murgas, F.; Alonso, R. et al. (2014). “Confirmation of an exoplanet using the transit color signature: Kepler-418b, a blended giant planet in a multiplanet system”. Astronomy & Astrophysics567: A14. arXiv:1405.5354. Bibcode: 2014A&A...567A..14T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323175.
^Horner, Jonathan; Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Tinney, Chris G.; Robertson, Paul; Hinse, Tobias C.; Marshall, Jonathan P. (2013). "Dynamical Constraints on Multi-Planet Exoplanetary Systems". arXiv:1302.5247 [astro-ph.EP]。
^Bryson, Stephen T.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Gilliland, Ronald L.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Clarke, Bruce; Rowe, Jason; Caldwell, Douglas; Batalha, Natalie et al. (2013). “Identification of Background False Positives from Kepler Data”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific125 (930): 889. arXiv:1303.0052. Bibcode: 2013PASP..125..889B. doi:10.1086/671767.
^Stevenson, Kevin B.; Desert, Jean-Michel; Line, Michael R.; Bean, Jacob L.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Showman, Adam P.; Kataria, Tiffany; Kreidberg, Laura et al. (2014). “Thermal structure of an exoplanet atmosphere from phase-resolved emission spectroscopy”. Science346 (6211): 838. arXiv:1410.2241. Bibcode: 2014Sci...346..838S. doi:10.1126/science.1256758. PMID25301972.
^Gilliland, Ronald L.; Cartier, Kimberly M. S.; Adams, Elisabeth R.; Ciardi, David R.; Kalas, Paul; Wright, Jason T. (2014). “Hubble Space Telescopehigh-Resolution Imaging Ofkeplersmall and Cool Exoplanet Host Stars”. The Astronomical Journal149: 24. arXiv:1407.1009. Bibcode: 2015AJ....149...24G. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/1/24.
Lunine, Jonathan I.; MacIntosh, Bruce; Peale, Stanton (2009). “The detection and characterization of exoplanets”. Physics Today62 (5): 46. Bibcode: 2009PhT....62e..46L. doi:10.1063/1.3141941.
العلاقات السودانية الإيرانية السودان إيران السودان إيران تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات السودانية الإيرانية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين السودان وإيران.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة...
Konten dan perspektif penulisan artikel ini hanya berpusat pada sudut pandang dari negara Indonesia dan tidak menggambarkan wawasan global pada subjeknya. Silakan bantu mengembangkan atau bicarakan artikel ini di halaman pembicaraannya, atau buat artikel baru, bila perlu. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Delman atau disebut bendi di Padang yang tetap eksis dalam arak-arakan pengantin Di Indonesia, delman adalah kendaraan transportasi tradisional yang beroda ...
British astronomer and physicist This British surname is barrelled, being made up of multiple names. It should be written as Hanbury Brown, not Brown. Robert Hanbury BrownHanbury Brown at the International Union of Radio Science conference, Sydney 1952Born(1916-08-31)31 August 1916Aruvankadu, British IndiaDied16 January 2002(2002-01-16) (aged 85)Andover, HampshireNationalityBritishAlma materUniversity of LondonSpouseHeather Hilda ChestermanAwardsANZAAS Medal (1987)Scientific careerF...
PT Asuransi Simas InsurtechJenisJasa keuanganDidirikanJakarta, Indonesia (2014)Kantorpusat Jakarta, IndonesiaTokohkunciTeguh Aria Djana (Presiden Direktur)Situs webwww.simasinsurtech.com Asuransi Simas Insurtech adalah perusahaan asuransi umum yang berdiri sejak tahun 2014 dan berkantor pusat di Jakarta. Sebelumnya, perusahaan bernama Asuransi Simas Net hingga tahun 2018 berganti nama menjadi PT. Asuransi Simas Insurtech. Simas Insurtech merupakan bagian dari Sinar Mas Group dengan kepemilika...
1870–1940 period of Costa Rica For the political term, see Liberal state. Liberal State1870–1940National Theatre, a symbol of the Liberal StateLeader(s)Costa Rican liberalsChronology Oligarchic State Reform State Politics of Costa Rica Constitution Abortion law LGBT rights Executive President (list) Rodrigo Chaves Robles Vice Presidents Stephan Brunner Mary Munive Legislature Legislative Assembly (History) President: Rodrigo Arias Sánchez Judiciary Supreme Court of Justice President: Fer...
Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Sangga langit. Rincik bumi Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Eudikotil (tanpa takson): Asterid Ordo: Solanales Famili: Convolvulaceae Genus: Ipomoea Spesies: I. quamoclit Nama binomial Ipomoea quamoclitL. Sinonim Referensi:[1][2] Convolvulus pennatus Desr. C. quamoclit Spreng. Quamoclit pennata [Desr.] Boj. Q. pinnata Bojer. Q. vulgaris Choisy. Rincik bumi adalah tumbuhan obat yang berasal dari Ame...
This article is part of a series aboutGeorge H. W. Bush Family Electoral history Pre-vice presidency U.S. Representative for Texas's 7th U.S. Ambassador U.N. China Chair of the RNC Director of Central Intelligence 43rd Vice President of the United States Transition Tenure Reagan administration first inauguration second inauguration Reagan assassination attempt Deregulation 41st President of the United States Presidency timeline Transition Inauguration Policies Environmental Foreign internati...
Island in Muskoka District, Ontario, Canada Beausoleil IslandThe waters between Finger Point and Thumb Point near Cedar Springs, Beausoleil IslandBeausoleil IslandLocation of the island in Southern OntarioGeographyLocationGeorgian BayCoordinates44°52′12″N 79°52′06″W / 44.87000°N 79.86833°W / 44.87000; -79.86833[1]ArchipelagoThirty Thousand IslandsLength8 km (5 mi)AdministrationCanadaProvinceOntarioDistrict MunicipalityDistrict Municipality...
Югославская армия на родинесерб. Југословенска војска у отаџбини Довоенное полковое знамя Югославской королевской армии, используемое в ЮВуО[1] Основание 1941 (начало формирования) Роспуск 1946 (завершение организованной деятельности) Командование Начальник штаба Вер�...
Artikel ini bukan mengenai Pembantaian Tionghoa 1871 atau Insiden Mukden. Peristiwa Mudan Lokasi Formosa, Qing Taiwan (Prefektur Taiwan, Provinsi Fujian, Dinasti Qing) Tanggal Desember 1871 Jenis penyerangan pembunuhan massal Kematian 54[1] Korban 54 pelaut Ryukyuan Pelaku Rakyat Formosa Paiwan Peristiwa Mudan tahun 1871 (Hanzi: 八瑤灣事件、Japanese: 宮古島島民遭難事件[2]、Japanese: 琉球漂流民殺害事件[3]) adalah pembantaian 54 pelaut Ryukyu...
Старый и новый пульты Apple Remote Apple Remote — малогабаритный инфракрасный пульт дистанционного управления (ПДУ) от Apple. Содержание 1 Модель 2 О пульте 3 Совместимость 4 Примечания Модель Обозначение: MC377LL/A, A1156, MA128G/A MC377LL/A — обозначение современного (алюминиевого) пульта. A1156 �...
Burrup Peninsula in Western Australia Dampier Island redirects here. For Dampier Islands, see Dampier Archipelago. For the peninsula 800km to the north-east, see Dampier Peninsula. Dampier Archipelago and Burrup Peninsula Murujuga, formerly known as Dampier Island and today usually known as the Burrup Peninsula, is an area in the Dampier Archipelago, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, containing the town of Dampier. The Dampier Rock Art Precinct, which covers the entire archipelago, ...
Magno Alves Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Magno AlvesTanggal lahir 13 Januari 1976 (umur 48)Tempat lahir Aporá, BrasilPosisi bermain PenyerangKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1997 Criciúma 1998-2002 Fluminense 2003 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 2004-2005 Oita Trinita 2006-2007 Gamba Osaka 2008 Al-Ittihad 2008 Umm-Salal Tim nasional2001 Brasil 3 (0) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik Magno Alves (lahir 13 Januari 1976) adalah pemain sepak bola asal Brasil...
Species of butterfly Papilio dardanus both male P. d. antinorii, Ethiopia Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Papilionidae Genus: Papilio Species: P. dardanus Binomial name Papilio dardanusBrown, 1776[1] Subspecies See text Synonyms List Papilio merope Cramer, 1777 Papilio brutus Fabricius, 1781 Papilio hippocoon Fabricius, 1793 Papilio westermannii Boisduval, 1836 Papilio trophonius Westwood, ...
Confédération des travailleurs intellectuelsHistoireFondation Mars 1920CadreType Syndicat professionnelDomaine d'activité Troisième secteurPays Francemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata La Confédération des travailleurs intellectuels (CTI) est une organisation syndicale des travailleurs intellectuels fondée en mars 1920. Elle eut une activité importante pour faire connaître et reconnaître les problèmes des travailleurs intellectuels pendant l'Entre-deux-guerres. A...
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Sainte-Marie. Cet article est une ébauche concernant une commune de l’Orne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Le bandeau {{ébauche}} peut être enlevé et l’article évalué comme étant au stade « Bon début » quand il comporte assez de renseignements encyclopédiques concernant la commune. Si vous avez un doute, l’atelier de lecture du projet Communes de France est à votre disposition pour vous...
Abstract data type This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) QueueRepresentation of a FIFO (first in, first out) queueTime complexity in big O notationOperation Average Worst caseSearch O(n) O(n)Insert O(1) O(1)Delete O(1) O(1)Space complexitySpace O(n) O(n) In computer science, a queue is a coll...
سبيد الإحداثيات 39°40′37″N 99°25′13″W / 39.6769°N 99.4203°W / 39.6769; -99.4203 [1] تقسيم إداري البلد الولايات المتحدة[2] التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة فيليبس خصائص جغرافية المساحة 0.380204 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبريل 2010) ارتفاع 568 متر عدد السكان عدد السكان 37 (1 أب...