欧州評議会議員会議は2006年1月25日の1481号決議において、「20世紀に席巻し、現在でも依然としていくつかの国で権力を握っている全体主義的な共産主義政権(The totalitarian communist regimes)は、例外なく、大規模な人権侵害を行なってきた。そこには、強制収容所、人為的な飢饉、拷問、奴隷労働およびその他の組織的暴力などによる個人および集団の殺害、また、民族的または宗教的迫害、良心や思想を表明する言論の自由と表現の自由への侵害、報道の自由の侵害、政治的多元主義の欠如などが含まれる。」「全体主義的共産主義体制における犯罪は、階級闘争理論とプロレタリア独裁の原則の名の下に正当化されてきた。共産主義の敵として排除された膨大な数の犠牲者は自国民であった。」「これらの犯罪は、ナチズムの犯罪のように、国際社会によっていまだ裁かれていない。その結果、共産主義政権の犯罪に対する諸国民の認識は非常に乏しく、一部の国では、共産党は合法政党であり、活動的な場合もある。」
「欧州評議会は、共産主義体制の犯罪を強く非難するとともに、共産主義体制の犠牲者の苦しみに同情し、理解することは倫理的な責務であると考える。」と決議した[48]
^オックスフォード・オンライン辞典「全ての財産が共同体によって所有され、各人は能力に応じて働き必要に応じて受け取る社会機構に関する学説または制度 (a theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.)」communism - oxford dictionaries
^「全ての財産が共同で保持され、実際の所有は全体としての社会または国家に帰せられることに基礎をおいた社会機構に関する学説または制度 (a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. )」communism - dictionary.com
^「財産の集団的な所有や、全構成員の共通利益のための労働の組織を特徴とする、理論的な経済システム(A theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members.)」communism - The free dictionary.com
^「財産(特に土地や生産手段)を共有する社会システム」(A system of social organization in which property (especially real property and the means of production) is held in common. )」 communism - The Columbia Encyclopedia]
^Grandjonc, Jacques (1983). “Quelques dates à propos des termes communiste et communisme” (French). Mots7 (1): 143–148. doi:10.3406/mots.1983.1122. ISSN0243-6450.
^Nancy, Jean-Luc (1992年). “Communism, the Word”. Commoning Times. 11 July 2019閲覧。
^ abWilliams, Raymond (1985). “Socialism”. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (revised ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 289. ISBN978-0-1952-0469-8. OCLC1035920683. https://archive.org/details/keywordsvocabula00willrich/page/289. "The decisive distinction between socialist and communist, as in one sense these terms are now ordinarily used, came with the renaming, in 1918, of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) as the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). From that time on, a distinction of socialist from communist, often with supporting definitions such as social democrat or democratic socialist, became widely current, although it is significant that all communist parties, in line with earlier usage, continued to describe themselves as socialist and dedicated to socialism."
^Steele, David (1992). From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court Publishing Company. pp. 43. ISBN978-0-87548-449-5. "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption."
^Steele, David (1992). From Marx to Mises: Post-Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court Publishing Company. pp. 44–45. ISBN978-0-87548-449-5. "By 1888, the term 'socialism' was in general use among Marxists, who had dropped 'communism', now considered an old fashioned term meaning the same as 'socialism'. [...] At the turn of the century, Marxists called themselves socialists. [...] The definition of socialism and communism as successive stages was introduced into Marxist theory by Lenin in 1917 [...], the new distinction was helpful to Lenin in defending his party against the traditional Marxist criticism that Russia was too backward for a socialist revolution."
^Busky, Donald F. (2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. p. 9. ISBN978-0-275-96886-1. "In a modern sense of the word, communism refers to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism."
^Puente, Isaac. "Libertarian Communism". 1932. The Cienfuegos Press Anarchist Review #6. Orkney. English Translation 1982. Also available at: “アーカイブされたコピー”. 2010年1月6日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2010年1月6日閲覧。
^Berneri, Camilo. "The Problem of Work". pp. 59-82, Why Work?. Vernon Richards (ed.). p. 74
^Flores, Magon; Rivera, Librado; Figueroa, Anselmo; Magon, Enrique Flores. "Manifesto". 23 September 1911. Dreams of Freedom: A Ricardo Flores Magon Reader. Chaz Bufe and Mitchell Cowen Verter (ed.) 2005. pgs. 139,141 & 144
^Kropotkin, Peter The Conquest of Bread, Ch. 12, Objections, first published 1892, also at [1][リンク切れ]
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