両唇軟口蓋鼻音

両唇軟口蓋鼻音
ŋ͡m
IPA 番号 119+114
IPA 表記 [ŋ͡m]
Unicode U+014B U+0361 U+006D
文字参照 ŋ͡m
JIS X 0213 1-10-90 + 1-3-77
X-SAMPA N_m
Kirshenbaum n<lbv>
音声サンプル

両唇軟口蓋鼻音（りょうしんなんこうがいびおん）は、両唇鼻音[m]と軟口蓋鼻音[ŋ]の二重調音で、国際音声記号では[ŋ͡m]と書かれる。

概要

両唇音と軟口蓋音の子音結合では単一の子音の1.5倍の時間がかかるが、両唇軟口蓋音は両唇音より25-30ミリ秒長いだけである[1]。

また、舌背が少し奥へ動くため、しばしば吸着音と同様の内向的な気流が発生する[2]。

言語例

破裂音[k͡p ɡ͡b]にくらべると、鼻音[ŋ͡m]の出現する言語は限られている。

ベトナム語ハノイ方言では、/ŋ/が円唇奥舌母音/u, o, ɔ/の後で[ŋ͡m]として現れる。これは条件異音である[6]。

脚注

  1. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) p.333-334
  2. ^ Ladefoged (2001) pp.146-147
  3. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) p.333
  4. ^ Idoma, UCLA Phonetic Lab data, http://www.phonetics.ucla.edu/appendix/languages/idoma/idoma.html 
  5. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) p.344
  6. ^ Pham (2006) p.114。ただし論文中では[ŋᵐ]と表記する
  7. ^ Pham (2006) p.115

参考文献

  • Ladefoged, Peter (2001). A Course in Phonetics (4th ed.). Heinle & Heinle. ISBN 0155073192 
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0631198154。
  • Pham, Andrea (2006). “Vietnamese Rhyme”. Southwest Journal of Linguistics 25 (2): 107-141. 
子音
肺臓気流
両唇 唇歯 歯 歯茎 後部歯茎 そり舌 硬口蓋 軟口蓋 口蓋垂 咽頭 声門
破裂 p b (p̪) (b̪) (t̪) (d̪) t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ( ʡˤ) ʔ
鼻 (m̥) m (ɱ̊) ɱ (n̪̊) (n̪) (n̥) n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
ふるえ (ʙ̥) ʙ (r̥) r ʀ
はじき (ⱱ̟) ⱱ ɾ ɽ (ɟ̆) (ɢ̆) (ʡ̆)
摩擦 ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
側面摩擦 ɬ ɮ
接近 (β̞) (ʋ̥) ʋ (ɹ̥) ɹ ɻ j ɰ
側面接近 (l̥) l ɭ ʎ ʟ
非肺臓気流
吸着 ʘ ǀ ǃ 𝼊 ǂ ǁ (ʞ)
入破 ɓ ɗ̪ ɗ (ᶑ) ʄ ɠ ʛ
放出 pʼ (t̪ʼ) tʼ ʈʼ c’ kʼ (qʼ) sʼ
その他
同時調音 ʍ w ɥ ɕ ʑ ɧ
(k͡p) (ɡ͡b) (ŋ͡m)
喉頭蓋音 ʜ ʢ ʡ
舌唇音 (t̼) (d̼) (n̼) (θ̼) (ð̼)
その他側面音 ɺ (ɭ̆) (ɫ)
破擦音 p͡ɸ b͡β p̪͡f b̪͡v t͡θ d͡ð t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k͡x ɡ͡ɣ q͡χ ɢ͡ʁ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ ʔ͡h
記号が二つ並んでいるものは、左が無声音、右が有声音。網掛けは調音が不可能と考えられる部分。
丸括弧内はIPA子音表（2005年改訂版）に記載されていないもの。
国際音声記号 - 子音

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