軟口蓋側面接近音

軟口蓋側面接近音
ʟ
IPA 番号 158
IPA 表記 [ʟ]
IPA 画像
Unicode U+029F
文字参照 ʟ
JIS X 0213
X-SAMPA L\
Kirshenbaum L
音声サンプル

軟口蓋側面接近音（なんこうがい・そくめんせっきんおん）とは子音の類型の一つ。後舌面と軟口蓋で舌の中央を閉鎖し、舌の両脇から空気を通すことによって生じる音。国際音声記号で[ʟ]と記述される。

特徴

言語例

国際音声記号では1989年に正式にこの音のための記号が定義された。1970年代にパプア・ニューギニアのカニテ語（英語版）にこの音が音素として存在することが報告されて、ようやく音声学者の間に一般的に知られるようになった[1]。現在この音を持つことが知られている言語には、ほかにメルパ語（英語版）、中部ワギ語（英語版）、ヤガリア語（英語版）などのパプア・ニューギニアの諸言語があり、ほかにチャド語派の東チャド諸語に属するコトコ語などや、セイリッシュ語族のコモックス語も[ʟ]を持つという[2]。

  • 中部ワギ語 aglagle [aʟaʟe] 「目が回る」[3]
  • メルパ語 [paʟa] 「垣根」[4]
  • カニテ語 [kaʟa] 「犬」[5]

南部アメリカ英語およびスコットランド英語において、音節末のいわゆる暗いL（軟口蓋化した歯茎側面接近音）の異音として現れることがあるともいわれるが、ピーター・ラディフォギッドとイアン・マディソンによればそのような現象は認められず、おそらく別の音を勘違いしているのではないかという[6]。

脚注

  1. ^ International Phonetic Association (1999) 2.4
  2. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) p.190
  3. ^ International Phonetic Association (1999) 3.1
  4. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) p.199
  5. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) p.211
  6. ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) pp.190-191

参考文献

  • International Phonetic Association (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Alphabet: A guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521637511 
  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0631198154。
子音
肺臓気流
両唇 唇歯 歯 歯茎 後部歯茎 そり舌 硬口蓋 軟口蓋 口蓋垂 咽頭 声門
破裂 p b (p̪) (b̪) (t̪) (d̪) t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ( ʡˤ) ʔ
鼻 (m̥) m (ɱ̊) ɱ (n̪̊) (n̪) (n̥) n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ
ふるえ (ʙ̥) ʙ (r̥) r ʀ
はじき (ⱱ̟) ⱱ ɾ ɽ (ɟ̆) (ɢ̆) (ʡ̆)
摩擦 ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
側面摩擦 ɬ ɮ
接近 (β̞) (ʋ̥) ʋ (ɹ̥) ɹ ɻ j ɰ
側面接近 (l̥) l ɭ ʎ ʟ
非肺臓気流
吸着 ʘ ǀ ǃ 𝼊 ǂ ǁ (ʞ)
入破 ɓ ɗ̪ ɗ (ᶑ) ʄ ɠ ʛ
放出 pʼ (t̪ʼ) tʼ ʈʼ c’ kʼ (qʼ) sʼ
その他
同時調音 ʍ w ɥ ɕ ʑ ɧ
(k͡p) (ɡ͡b) (ŋ͡m)
喉頭蓋音 ʜ ʢ ʡ
舌唇音 (t̼) (d̼) (n̼) (θ̼) (ð̼)
その他側面音 ɺ (ɭ̆) (ɫ)
破擦音 p͡ɸ b͡β p̪͡f b̪͡v t͡θ d͡ð t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʈ͡ʂ ɖ͡ʐ t͡ɕ d͡ʑ c͡ç ɟ͡ʝ k͡x ɡ͡ɣ q͡χ ɢ͡ʁ t͡ɬ d͡ɮ ʔ͡h
記号が二つ並んでいるものは、左が無声音、右が有声音。網掛けは調音が不可能と考えられる部分。
丸括弧内はIPA子音表（2005年改訂版）に記載されていないもの。
国際音声記号 - 子音

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