Commissione per la Costituzione

La Commissione per la Costituzione, più spesso chiamata Commissione dei 75, fu una commissione speciale, composta di 75 membri scelti fra i componenti dell'Assemblea Costituente, che fu incaricata di elaborare e proporre il progetto di Costituzione repubblicana.

Storia

La commissione fu istituita il 15 luglio 1946 e avrebbe dovuto terminare i propri lavori entro il 20 ottobre dello stesso anno.

La commissione era presieduta da Meuccio Ruini, già presidente del Consiglio di Stato, e venne organizzata in tre sottocommissioni: la prima, sui diritti e doveri dei cittadini, presieduta da Umberto Tupini; la seconda, sull'organizzazione costituzionale dello Stato, presieduta da Umberto Terracini; la terza, sui rapporti economici e sociali, presieduta da Gustavo Ghidini. Fu inoltre istituito un comitato di redazione (detto "Comitato dei 18") formato dall'Ufficio di presidenza della Commissione dei 75 allargato ai rappresentanti di tutti i gruppi politici. A tale comitato fu affidato il compito di coordinare i testi usciti dalle sotto-commissioni in un testo unificato che facilitasse la discussione[1]

I lavori della Commissione dei 75 si protrassero fino al 1º febbraio 1947. L'Assemblea costituente (presieduta dallo stesso Terracini, che aveva proprio in quei giorni sostituito il dimissionario Giuseppe Saragat), diede inizio alla discussione generale sul progetto di Costituzione il 4 marzo 1947 per concluderla con la definitiva approvazione il 22 dicembre dello stesso anno.

Componenti

Questi i componenti della Commissione dei 75, suddivisi per gruppo politico di appartenenza:

Gruppo democristiano (26 membri)
Gruppo comunista (13 membri)
Partito Socialista Italiano (7 membri)
Partito Socialista Lavoratori Italiani (6 membri)
Gruppo Repubblicano (4 membri)
Unione Democratica Nazionale (4 membri)
Gruppo Autonomista (3 membri)
Fronte liberale democratico dell'Uomo Qualunque (3 membri)
Gruppo Liberale (3 membri)
Gruppo misto (3 membri)
Democrazia del Lavoro (2 membri)
Unione Nazionale (1 membro)

Note

  1. ^ Il Comitato dei 18 era composto dal presidente della Commissione dei 75, Ruini, dai tre presidenti delle sottocommissionì, Tupini, Terracini e Ghidini, e rispettivi segretari (Perazzi, Grassi, Marinaro), oltre che da Ambrosini, Fuschini, Moro, Fanfani, Dossetti (DC), Paolo Rossi e Canevari (PSLI), Grieco e Togliatti (PCI), Calamandrei (Autonomisa) e Cevolotto (DL).

Bibliografia

  • Raffaele Romanelli e Marcello de Cecco - Storia dello Stato italiano dall'Unità a oggi - Donzelli - 1995 books.google.com

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