Fitoeno

Fitoeno
Fórmula esquelética
Modelo de bólas e barras
Identificadores
Número CAS 13920-14-4
PubChem 9963391
ChemSpider 8138988
UNII 876K2ZK1OF
KEGG C05421
ChEBI CHEBI:27787
Imaxes 3D Jmol Image 1
Propiedades
Fórmula molecular C40H64
Masa molar 544,94 g mol−1

Se non se indica outra cousa, os datos están tomados en condicións estándar de 25 °C e 100 kPa.

O fitoeno é un composto de 40 carbonos intermediaro na biosíntese dos carotenoides.[1] A síntese de fitoeno é o primeiro paso necesario para a síntese de carotenoides en plantas. O fitoeno prodúcese a partir de dúas moléculas de xeranilxeranil pirofosfato (GGPP) pola acción do encima fitoeno sintase.[2] As dúas moléculas de GGPP condénsanse e despois elimínase o difosfato e hai un desprazamento protónico orixinando a formación de fitoeno.

O fitoeno e fitoflueno procedentes da dieta encóntranse en varios tecidos humanos incluíndo o fígado, pulmón, mama, próstata, colon e pel.[3] A acumulación destes carotenoides na pel pode protexela por diversos mecanismos, ao actuaren como absorbentes de luz UV, como antioxidantes e como axentes inflamatorios.[4][5]

A fitoeno aplicouse en cosmética.[6]

Estrutura

O fitoeno é unha molécula simétrica que contén tres dobres enlaces conxugados. Ten un espectro de absorción UV-Vis típico dun sistema conxugado triplo co seu máximo de absorción no rango do UVB a 286 nm e cun ε1% de 915.[Cómpre referencia]

Fontes

A análise de varios froitos e verduras mostrou que o fitoeno e o fitoflueno se atopan na maioría dos froitos e verduras.[7] En contraste con todos os outros carotenoides, o fitoeno e o fitoflueno, os primeiros precursores de carotenoides na vía biosintética doutros carotenoides, absorben luz no rango do UV.

Historia

A estrutura do fitoeno foi estabilizada e demostrada por síntese total polo grupo de Basil Weedon en 1966.[8]

Notas

  1. "Carotenoid Biosynthesis". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 2016-11-05. Consultado o 2009-02-25. 
  2. "Phytoene synthase". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 28 de decembro de 2023. Consultado o 27 de decembro de 2023. 
  3. Khachik, Frederick; Carvalho, Lorena; Bernstein, Paul S.; Muir, Garth J.; Zhao, Da-You; Katz, Nikita B. (novembro de 2002). "Chemistry, Distribution, and Metabolism of Tomato Carotenoids and Their Impact on Human Health". Experimental Biology and Medicine (en inglés) 227 (10): 845–851. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 12424324. doi:10.1177/153537020222701002. 
  4. Aust, W. Stahl, H. Sies, H. Tronnier, U. Heinrich (2005). "Supplementation with tomato-based products increases lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene levels in human serum and protects against UV-light-induced erythema". Int J Vitam Nutr Res 75 (1): 54–60. PMID 15830922. doi:10.1024/0300-9831.75.1.54. 
  5. B. B. Fuller; D. R. Smith; A. J. Howerton; D. Kern (2006). "Anti-inflammatory effects of CoQ10 and colorless carotenoids". Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 5 (1): 30–38. PMID 17173569. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2006.00220.x. 
  6. Book chapter: Liki von Oppen-Bezalel, Aviv Shaish. Application of the Colorless Carotenoids, Phytoene, and Phytofluene in Cosmetics, Wellness, Nutrition, and Therapeutics. In The alga Dunaliella: Biodiversity, Physiology, Genomics & Biotechnology. Eds. Ami Ben-Amotz, Juergen Polle, and Subba Rao, publicado en maio de 2009 por Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA (2009)
  7. Khachik, F., G.R. Beecher, M.B. Goli, and W.R. Lusby (1991). "Separation, identifi cation, and quantification of carotenoids in fruits, vegetables and human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography". Pure Appl. Chem. 63 (1): 71–80. doi:10.1351/pac199163010071. 
  8. J. B. Davis; L. M. Jackman; P. T. Siddons; B. C. L. Weedon (1966). "Carotenoids and related compounds. XV. The structure and synthesis of phytoene, phytofluene, zeta-carotene, and neurosporene". J. Chem. Soc. C: 2154–2165. doi:10.1039/J39660002154. 

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