Toshima (Tokion kyläkunta)

Toshima
(利島村)
Toshiman saari ilmasta
Toshiman saari ilmasta
lippu
lippu
symboli
symboli
Toshiman sijainti Tokion prefektuurissa
Toshiman sijainti Tokion prefektuurissa

Toshima

Koordinaatit: 34°31′45″N, 139°16′55″E

Valtio Japani
Alue Kantō
Prefektuuri Tokion metropoli
Aliprefektuuri Ōshiman aliprefektuuri
Hallinto
 – Hallinnon tyyppi Kyläkunta
Pinta-ala
 – Kokonaispinta-ala 4,12[1] km²
Väkiluku (07/2022) 320[2]
 – Väestötiheys 78 as./km²
Symbolit
 – Puu Kamelia[3]
 – Kukka Lilium platyphyllum[3]
 – Lintu Japaninrilli[3]








Toshima (jap. 利島村, Toshima-mura) on Japanin kyläkunta Tokion metropolissa. Se käsittää Izusaariin kuuluvan Toshiman saaren, joka sijaitsee Tyynessä valtameressä noin 140 kilometriä Tokion kaupunkialueelta etelään. Toshiman kunta on osa Ōshiman aliprefektuuria.[2][1][4] Toshimassa on 320 asukasta (heinäkuussa 2022)[2] ja sen pinta-ala on 4,12 neliökilometriä.[1]

Maantiede

Toshiman kuntaan kuuluu ainoastaan Toshiman saari, yksi pienimmistä Izusaarista. Saari on tuliperäinen, ja sen keskellä kohoaa 508 metriä korkea Miyatsukavuori. Saaren rannikko on jyrkkäpiirteinen. Alavia alueita onkin vähän, ja asutus on keskittynyt yhteen kylään saaren pohjoisosaan, jossa maasto on suhteellisen loivaa.[2][1]

Saarta peittävät pääosin kameliametsät. Vuorenhuipun lähettyvillä kasvaa myös luonnontilaista metsää, jonka lajeja ovat esimerkiksi Castanopsis sieboldii ja Machilus thunbergii. Maaperä on vulkaanisen toiminnan ansiosta hyvin hedelmällistä. Saari on valkonaamaliitäjän elinaluetta.[2][1] Se kuuluu Fujin–Hakonen–Izun kansallispuistoon.[4]

Historia

Toshimalla on ollut asutusta jo esihistoriallisella jōmon-kaudella. Saarelta onkin löydetty jōmon- ja Yayoi-kausilla valmistettuja keraamisia astioita.[2]

Meiji-kaudella 1800-luvulla Toshima kuului Japanin prefektuurinhallinnon perustamisen jälkeen vuoroin useaan eri prefektuuriin, kunnes se liitettiin osaksi Tokion prefektuuria vuonna 1878. Kunnallishallinto saarelle ulotettiin vuonna 1923.[1][2]

Talous

Toshiman tärkein elinkeino on kamelian siemenistä puristettavan kameliaöljyn tuotanto. Muita elinkeinoja ovat kalastus ja 1960-luvun jälkeen aloitettu koristekasvien puutarhaviljely. Merialueilta kerätään Panulirus japonicus -langusteja (ise-ebi) ja Turbo sazae -kotiloita.[2][1]

Liikenne

Toshimalta on säännöllinen laivayhteys Tokioon ja läheiselle Ōshiman saarelle.[4]

Kulttuuri ja nähtävyydet

Toshimassa on säilynyt vanha ratsastusjousiammuntaperinne (yabusame), joka ulottuu useiden vuosisatojen taakse. Se katkesi toisen maailmansodan jälkeen, mutta elvytettiin 1970-luvun lopulla. Toshiman yabusame on nimetty Tokion metropolin aineettoman kulttuuriperinnön luetteloon.[2][1]

Kuvia

Lähteet

  1. a b c d e f g h 日本大百科全書: 利島(村) Kotobank. Viitattu 25.9.2022.
  2. a b c d e f g h i 利島村について 利島村役場. Viitattu 25.9.2022.
  3. a b c 東京都利島村の花、鳥、木を定める告示 利島村役場. Viitattu 25.9.2022.
  4. a b c ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典: 利島村 Kotobank. Viitattu 25.9.2022.

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