Kamelia

Kamelia
Lajike Pink Perfection
Lajike Pink Perfection
Uhanalaisuusluokitus

Elinvoimainen [1]

Elinvoimainen

Tieteellinen luokittelu
Domeeni: Aitotumaiset Eucarya
Kunta: Kasvit Plantae
Alakunta: Putkilokasvit Tracheobionta
Kaari: Siemenkasvit Spermatophyta
Alakaari: Koppisiemeniset Magnoliophytina
Luokka: Kaksisirkkaiset Magnoliopsida
Lahko: Ericales
Heimo: Teekasvit Theaceae
Suku: Kameliat Camellia
Laji: japonica
Kaksiosainen nimi

Camellia japonica
L.

Katso myös

  Kamelia Wikispeciesissä
  Kamelia Commonsissa

Kamelia eli ruusukamelia (Camellia japonica) on koristekasvi, jota kasvatetaan sekä puistoissa että huonekasvina. Siitä on jalostettu noin 3 000 lajiketta, muunnosta ja hybridiä. Kamelia on saanut nimensä vuonna 1753 Georg Joseph Kamelin mukaan, joka oli Filippiineillä työskennellyt jesuiitta ja apteekkari.[2] Saman suvun teepensas (Camellia sinensis) on esimerkiksi lehdistöltään hyvin samankaltainen kuin kamelia.

Ulkonäkö ja koko

Kamelia on pieni pensas tai puu, korkeimmillaan 20-metrinen, mutta useammin alle viisi metriä korkea. Sen lehdet ovat kiiltävät, ainavihreät ja sileäreunaiset. Kukat ovat halkaisijaltaan 5–15 cm, lajikkeesta riippuen valkeat, keltaiset tai punaisen eri sävyissä, useimmin kerratut.

Levinneisyys

Kamelia on kotoisin Itä-Aasiasta. Se menestyy puistoissa sellaisissa ilmastoissa, joissa pakkaset ovat vain satunnaisia, eikä routaa juuri tule. Ainavihreät lehdet saavat kasvin kuivumaan, jos se saa aurinkoa silloin kun maa on jäässä.

Kameliat taiteessa

Alexandre Dumas nuorempi kirjoitti romaanin Kamelianainen vuonna 1852. Teokseen perustuu myös Giuseppe Verdin ooppera La Traviata.

Lähteet

  1. Wheeler, L., Su, M. & Rivers, M.C.: Camellia japonica IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.1. 2015. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 27.8.2016. (englanniksi)
  2. Floridata

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