Atšehin kieli

Atšeh
Aceh'n provinssin alueet, joissa atšeh on enemmistön kieli
Aceh'n provinssin alueet, joissa atšeh on enemmistön kieli
Muu nimi aceh
Tiedot
Alue Aceh
Puhujia 3 500 000[1]
Sija ei sadan suurimman joukossa
Kirjaimisto latinalainen
jawi
Kielitieteellinen luokitus
Kielikunta austronesialaiset kielet
Kieliryhmä malaijilais-polynesialaiset kielet
Kielikoodit
ISO 639-1
ISO 639-2 ace
ISO 639-3 ace
Tsunamivaarasta varoittava kyltti indonesiaksi (vasemmalla) ja atšehiksi (oikealla).

Atšeh on austronesialainen kieli. Sitä puhutaan lähinnä Sumatran saarella, Indonesiassa sijaitsevassa Aceh’n provinssissa. Kielellä on noin 3 500 000 puhujaa, mutta lähes kaikki heistä käyttävät myös indonesiaa.

Asema

Vaikka Atšehilla ei ole minkään lain takaamaa virallista asemaa, se on de facto -virallinen kieli Acehin provinssissa.[2]

Murteet

Kielellä on muutamia murteita:[2]

  • banda aceh
  • baruh
  • bueng
  • daja
  • pase
  • pidie
  • tunong

Kirjaimisto

Aikoinaan atšehia kirjoitettiin jawilla, joka pohjautuu arabialaiseen kirjoitusjärjestelmään, mutta nykyisin latinalaiset aakkoset ovat tyypillisempiä. Ne levisivät hollantilaisten mukana 1600-luvulta alkaen ja 1920-luvulle tultaessa latinalainen kirjaimisto oli jo yleisessä käytössä.[3].

Fonologia

Konsonantit

Labiaali Labiodentaali Alveolaari Postalveolaari Palataali Velaari Glottaali
Klusiili tavall. p | b t | d c | ɟ k | g ʔ
asp. tʰ | dʱ cʰ | ɟʱ kʰ | gʱ
Nasaali m n ɲ ŋ
Postklusiilinen

nasaali

mᵇ nᵈ ɲᶡ ŋᶢ
Tremulantti tavall. r
asp.
Frikatiivi f s | z ʃ h
Approksimantti tavall. l j w
asp.

Lähde:[4]

Vokaalit

Etinen Keskinen Takainen
Suppea i ɯ u
Puolisuppea e ə o
Puoliavoin ɛ ʌ ɔ
Avoin a

Lähde:[4]

Lähteet

  1. Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F. & Fennig, Charles D. (toim.): Aceh Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2020. Viitattu 9.6.2020. (englanniksi)
  2. a b Glottolog 4.2.1 - Acehnese glottolog.org. Viitattu 9.6.2020.
  3. Zulfadli: A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Acehnese with a Focus on West Acehnese: A Stigmatised Dialect (pdf) (s. 22–23) 2014. University of Adelaide. Viitattu 9.6.2020.
  4. a b Acehnese language and alphabet omniglot.com. Viitattu 9.6.2020.

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