The Sudeten German Party (German: Sudetendeutsche Partei, SdP, Czech: Sudetoněmecká strana) was created by Konrad Henlein under the name Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront ("Front of the Sudeten German Homeland") on 1 October 1933, some months after the First Czechoslovak Republic had outlawed the German National Socialist Workers' Party (Deutsche Nationalsozialistische Arbeiterpartei, DNSAP). In April 1935, the party was renamed Sudetendeutsche Partei following a mandatory demand of the Czechoslovak government. The name was officially changed to Sudeten German and Carpathian German Party (Sudetendeutsche und Karpatendeutsche Partei) in November 1935.
With the rising power of Nazi Party in Germany, the Sudeten German Party became a major pro-Nazi force in Czechoslovakia with the explicit official aim of breaking the country up and joining it to the Third Reich. By June 1938, the party had over 1.3 million members, i.e. 40.6% of ethnic-German citizens of Czechoslovakia. During the last free democratic elections before the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the May 1938 communal elections, the party gained 88% of ethnic-German votes, taking over control of most municipal authorities in the Czech borderland. The country's mass membership made it one of the largest fascist parties in Europe at the time.[3]
In 1903, a group of Sudeten Germans living in the Bohemian crown lands of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy created the German Workers' Party (DAP). Influenced by the ideas of pan-Germanism and anti-Slavism, they opposed the Czech National Revival movement advocated by the Young Czech Party. The history of this party is centered on the cities of Eger (German for present-day Cheb) and Aussig (Ústí nad Labem), it originated and gave the impetus for Austrian National Socialism.
At the end of World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up into several nation states. The DAP was renamed German National Socialist Workers' Party on 5 May 1918 and after the proclamation of Czechoslovakia claimed the right of self-determination in the predominantly German-settled Sudetenland and German Bohemian territories, demanding affiliation with the newly established Republic of German-Austria. However, the new Czech-dominated government demanded the unity of the Bohemian (or now called Czech) lands, as confirmed by the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and considered the Pan-German party offensive and dangerous for the existence of the country. The Czechoslovakian DNSAP led by Hans Knirsch together with the conservative German National Party (Deutsche Nationalpartei, DNP) became the main proponent of so-called "negativism", the general tendency among the Sudeten Germans not to accept the legitimacy of the Czechoslovakian state. Under Knirsch's successor Rudolf Jung, the party was increasingly influenced by the rise of the Nazi Party in the German Weimar Republic. In 1933, both the DNSAP and DNP decided to dissolve in order to prevent the imminent ban by the Prague government.
The SHF was founded on 1 October 1933.[4] The party entered into an alliance with the Carpatho-German Party (KdP) in the same year.[4]
The newly established SdP did not see itself as a successor of the DNSAP; in fact, SdP leader Konrad Henlein sharply rejected the idea. At first he advocated the Ständestaat concept of the Austrofascist movement according to the ideas of Othmar Spann and would have rather preferred the affiliation with the Federal State of Austria than with Nazi Germany. In his earlier speeches (until 1937), Henlein stressed his distance from German National Socialism, affirming loyalty to the Czechoslovak state and stressing approval of the idea of a cantonal system and individual freedom. He later described his contact to Nazi leaders as merely tactical. In 1935 when Karl Hermann Frank became deputy leader, the SdP gradually adopted the DNSAP tradition and became more radical.
In the parliamentary election of May 1935, the SdP with 1,249,534 (15.2%) of the votes became the strongest of all parties in Czechoslovakia. The party had won about 68% of the German votes, thus surpassing the German Social Democratic Workers Party, the German Christian Social People's Party and the Farmers' League. Meanwhile, the influence exerted by the German Nazi dictatorship became stronger and after 1935 several groups within the party were financed by Germany. In November 1937 Adolf Hitler openly declared – according to the Hossbach Memorandum – his intention to separate the Sudetenland from the Czechoslovak state. The SdP officially coordinated this policy with Nazi leaders in order to integrate the German-speaking parts of Bohemia and Moravia into the German Reich.
After the Austrian Anschluss Henlein first met Hitler on 28 March 1938. His policy was the so-called Grundplanung OA (Basic Planning) of summer 1938 and later in the interior policy of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In March 1938 the Farmers League joined the SdP, as well as many Christian Social deputies in the Czechoslovak parliament. At a convention in Carlsbad on 24 April the majority of the party advocated the demand of the Sudeten Germans as an autonomous ethnic group, the separation of a self-governing German settlement area and the freedom to decide for annexation to Nazi Germany. At this time the SdP had about 1.35 million members.
In September 1938 the policy of SdP succeeded in the German annexation of Sudetenland according to the Munich Agreement (see: German occupation of Czechoslovakia). On 1 October Henlein was appointed Reichskommissar of the incorporated territories, which became the Reichsgau Sudetenland. After a last convention at Aussig, the organization officially merged into the German Nazi Party at a festive ceremony in Reichenberg (Liberec) on 5 November 1938. However, as many Nazi officials like Reinhard Heydrich were suspicious of the SdP party members, they were not absorbed, but had to apply for admission to the Nazi Party. About 520,000 members were approved, among them Henlein himself who also joined the SS. He was officially appointed Gauleiter in 1939, an office he held until 1945, though largely losing power to Reich Protector Heydrich.
As of October 1938 the SdP/KdP parliamentary club had 52 members from the Chamber of Deputies, and their joint Senate club had 26 members. On 30 October 1938 the parliamentary mandates of 46 deputies and 22 Senators of SdP and KdP were annulled.[4]
The SdP branches in areas that remained in Czechoslovakia after the Sudetenland annexation formed the German People's Group in Czecho-Slovakia (Deutsche Volksgruppe in der Tschecho-Slowakei).[5][6]
Final solution
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Karawang ᮓᮦᮝᮔ᮪ ᮕᮀᮝᮊᮤᮜ᮪ ᮛᮠᮚᮒ᮪ ᮓᮆᮛᮂ ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮊᮛᮝᮀDéwan Pangwakil Rahayat Daérah Kabupatén KarawangDewan Perwakilan RakyatKabupaten Karawang2019-2024JenisJenisUnikameral SejarahSesi baru dimulai5 Agustus 2019PimpinanKetuaH. Budianto Gibran, S.H., M.H. (Demokrat) sejak 3 Oktober 2022 Wakil Ketua IAjang Supandi, S.H. (Gerindra) sejak 23 September 2019 Wakil Ketua IIH. Suryana, S.H.…
UK charity Civic VoiceCivic Voice logoPredecessorCivic TrustFormation2010 (2010)TypeNonprofitLegal statusRegistered charityHeadquartersBirminghamRegion served EnglandWebsitewww.civicvoice.org.uk Civic Voice is the national charity[1] for the civic movement in England. It was set up in 2010[2] following the demise of the Civic Trust. It is based in Birmingham at the Coffin Works.[3] Its executive director and joint founder is Ian Harvey. The president of Civic Voice i…
2012 compilation album by Maybach Music GroupSelf Made Vol. 2Compilation album by Maybach Music GroupReleasedJune 26, 2012 (2012-06-26)Recorded2011–12StudiofGenreHip hopLength60:17 (deluxe edition)LabelMMGWarner Bros.Def JamProducerYoung ShunBeat BillionaireBoi-1daCardiakDon CannonSouthsideThe Maven BoysThe Beat BullyAyo The ProducerTha BiznessJ.U.S.T.I.C.E. LeagueThe UpperClassmenKyeBeatzMaybach Music Group chronology Self Made Vol. 1(2011) Self Made Vol. 2(2012) Se…
1988 single by Kiara and Shanice WilsonThis TimeSingle by Kiara and Shanice Wilsonfrom the album To Change and/or Make a Difference B-sideStrawberry Letter 23ReleasedJuly 5, 1988 (1988-07-05)GenreR&B, SoulLength4:37LabelAristaSongwriter(s)Charlie SingletonProducer(s)Nick MartinelliKiara singles chronology The Best of Me(1988) This Time(1988) Every Little Time(1989) Shanice Lorraine Wilson singles chronology I'll Bet She's Got a Boyfriend(1988) This Time(1988) I Love Yo…
Mapa conceptual del software libre. La historia del software libre y de código abierto como lo conocemos actualmente, se remonta a inicios de los años 1980, época en la que la mayoría de software era privativo y surgió la necesidad, por parte de algunos programadores, de crear proyectos que impulsaran la creación de software libre.[1] Cabe mencionar que antes, cuando las primeras computadoras nacieron (y por ende los primeros programas informáticos), el software tenía un modelo de…
La teresiana es una gorra o prenda de cabeza de uso principalmente militar. Su nombre procede de la academia militar de María Teresa o Teresiana ([1]), donde la vio el rey Alfonso XII en uso por los oficiales del ejército austriaco. Su uso se extiende en España al ser declarada reglamentaria para la oficialidad del Ejército el 18 de agosto de 1886; fue suprimida por el Reglamento de uniformidad de 1908. El modelo más conocido actualmente es el de la Guardia Civil que la adopta oficialmente …
West-east street in Manhattan, New York 93rd StreetJeanne d'Arc monument, located at West 93rd Street and Riverside DriveMaintained byNYCDOTLength1.2 mi (1.9 km)[1]Width60 feet (18.29 m)LocationManhattanPostal code10024 (west), 10128 (east)Coordinates40°47′00″N 73°57′03″W / 40.783264°N 73.950735°W / 40.783264; -73.950735West endRiverside DriveEast endFirst AvenueNorth94th StreetSouth93rd StreetConstructionCommissioned1811 93rd …
Karl Streit(Zeichnung von Christian Wilhelm Allers) Karl Stephan Streit (* 31. März 1833 in Münnerstadt, Unterfranken; † 12. Februar 1902 in Bad Kissingen, Unterfranken) war ein bayerischer Regierungsrevisor, Salinenverwalter und Kunstsammler. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Ehrungen 3 Veröffentlichungen 4 Literatur 5 Weblinks Leben Karl Streit besuchte das Gymnasium in Münnerstadt und studierte Jura an der Universität Würzburg. Er war Sekretär des landwirtschaftlichen Vereins, schließlic…
Orgue Guilleminde l'Église Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paulà Chavagnes-en-Paillers L'église Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Chavagnes-en-Paillers (Vendée) abrite un orgue baroque remarquable, construit par le facteur Gérald Guillemin entre 1987 et 1989 à la demande de Jean-Marie Boissinot. Sa conception a été inspirée par les écoles de Saxe et de Thuringe du début du XVIIIe siècle, notamment par les orgues de Johann Gottfried Silbermann et de Tobias Heinrich Gottfried Trost. Créé par …
У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей із прізвищем Протасевич. Протасевич Роман Дмитровичбіл. Раман Дзьмітрыевіч Пратасевіч Народився 5 травня 1995(1995-05-05)[1] (28 років)Мінськ, БілорусьКраїна Білорусь[1]Місце проживання МінськРеспубліка ПольщаДіяльність редактор, …
Nota: Se procura por outros condados com o mesmo nome, veja Condado de Sedgwick. Condado de SedgwickSedgwick County Condados dos Estados Unidos Dados gerais Estado Colorado Sede Julesburg Data de fundação 1889 (134 anos) Maior cidade Julesburg Características geográficas Área 1 423 km² - Área água 4 km² (0,25%) População 2 747 (2000) Densidade 2 hab/km² Portal Estados Unidos O Condado de Sedgwick é um dos 64 condados do estado americano do Colorado. A sede do condado …
Tom, Dick, and HarrySutradara Deepak Tijori Produser Sudhir Kumar Surendra Bhatia Avinash Bhatia Rajan Prakash Ditulis oleh Kamal Pandey Yunus Sajawal SkenarioKamal PandeyYunus SajawalCeritaKamal PandeyYunus SajawalPemeranDino MoreaJimmy SheirgillAnuj SawhneyCelina JaitlyKim SharmaPenata musikHimesh ReshammiyaSinematograferManoj SoniYusuf KhanPenyuntingAsif KhanDistributorOracle Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.Tanggal rilis 12 Mei 2006 (2006-05-12) Durasi140 menitNegara India Bahasa Hindi Tom,…
German braking system manufacturer Knorr-Bremse AGTypeAktiengesellschaftTraded asFWB: KBXMDAX ComponentIndustryManufacturingPredecessorSüddeutsche Bremsen-AG Founded1905; 118 years ago (1905)Berlin, GermanyHeadquartersMunich, GermanyKey peopleMarc Llistosella, Chief Executive Officer (CEO); Dr. Reinhard Ploss, Chairman of the Supervisory BoardProductsbraking systems (rail and road)Revenue€7.15 billion (2022)[1]Net income€506 million (2022)[1]Numbe…
Territorium im Heiligen Römischen Reich Pfalz-Lautern Wappen Herrschaftsform Monarchie Herrscher/Regierung Fürst Heutige Region/en DE-RP Reichstag Reichsfürstenrat, 1 Virilstimme Reichskreis oberrheinisch Hauptstädte/Residenzen Kaiserslautern Konfession/Religionen reformiert Sprache/n Deutsch Aufgegangen in 1798: Frankreich (Département du Mont-Tonnerre), 1816: Königreich Bayern Das Fürstentum Lautern, auch Pfalz-Lautern genannt, bestand als eigenständiges Territorium im Heiligen R…
Light gun arcade game by Exidy 1986 video gameChillerNES cover artDeveloper(s)ExidyPublisher(s) Exidy AGC HES Platform(s) Arcade NES Release1986, 1990 (NES)Genre(s) Light gun shooter horror Arcade systemExidy 440 Chiller is a light gun arcade game released in 1986 by Exidy.[1] An unlicensed port was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990 by American Game Cartridges in the US, and in Australia by HES (Home Entertainment Suppliers), with the option of using either the stand…
يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (يوليو 2019) منتخب بولندا تحت 16 سنة لكرة القدم بلد الرياضة بولندا الفئة كرة قدم تحت 16 سنة للرجال [لغات أخرى]…
شعار بطولة أستراليا المفتوحة شعار بطولة فرنسا المفتوحة شعار بطولة ويمبلدون شعار بطولة أمريكا المفتوحة البطولة الكبرى أو جراند سلام (بالإنجليزية: Grand Slam)، في كرة المضرب اللاعب الفردي أو الفريق الزوجي عندما يفوز بكل البطولات الكبرى الأربع في كرة المضرب في نفس السنة يقال له ا…
This article is about the A.A. Bondy Album. For other uses, see American Heart (disambiguation). 2007 studio album by A.A. BondyAmerican HeartsStudio album by A.A. BondyReleasedSeptember 18, 2007RecordedJanuary 2007GenreFolk, AmericanaLength41:00LabelSuperphonic Records / Fat Possum RecordsProducerA.A. BondyA.A. Bondy chronology American Hearts(2007) When The Devil's Loose(2009) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingPitchfork Media(7.3/10)[1]Entertainment WeeklyB+ [2…
The Best of Big Bang 2006-2014Sampul albumkompilasi terbaik karya Big BangDirilis24 November 2014Direkam2006–2014GenreK-pop, J-pop, dance-popBahasaKorea, JepangLabelYGEXKronologi Big Bang BIGBANG NON STOP MEGA MIX mixed by DJ WILDPARTY(2013)BIGBANG NON STOP MEGA MIX mixed by DJ WILDPARTY2013 The Best of Big Bang 2006-2014(2014) The Best of Big Bang adalah album kompilasi terbaik dari boy band asal Korea Selatan, Big Bang. Album ini dirilis pada 26 November 2014 melalui YGEX.[1] Lat…
For information on all Drexel University sports, see Drexel Dragons. Drexel Dragons men's squashUniversityDrexel UniversityFirst season2011-2012Head coachJohn White (11th season)LeagueCollege Squash AssociationConferenceMid-Atlantic Squash ConferenceLocationPhiladelphia, PennsylvaniaVenueKline & Specter Squash CenterRivalriesPenn, Frankin & MarshallAll-time record117–99 (.542)All-Americans5NicknameDragonsColorsNavy blue and gold[1] Conference…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.145.11.77