Russian Imperial Movement

"Imperial Legion" redirects here. For the legions of the Roman Empire, see Roman legion.
Not to be confused with Wagner Group or Rusich Group.
Russian Imperial Movement
Русское Имперское Движениe
LeaderStanislav Vorobyov
Foundation2002
Country Russia
MotivesReconvening of Zemsky Sobor to re-establish the Russian Empire
HeadquartersSt. Petersburg
IdeologyAccelerationism[1][2]
Clerical fascism
Russian nationalism
Russian irredentism
Christian nationalism
White supremacy
Monarchism
Anti-communism
Antisemitism
Neo-Nazism[3]
Expansionist nationalism[4]
Anti-Ukrainian sentiment[4][5]
Political positionFar-right
AlliesIn Russia:

Far-right Russian irregular units in Ukraine

Outside Russia:

Battles and warsCentral African Republic Civil War (2012–present)[10]
Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)
Syrian Civil War
Russo-Ukrainian War
Designated as a terrorist group by Canada
3 February 2021[11]
 United States
6 April 2020[12]
Websitehttps://rusimperia.is/ archive

The Russian Imperial Movement (RIM; Russian: Русское имперское движениe, romanized: Russkoye imperskoye dvizheniye, RID)[13] is a Russian ultranationalist and white supremacist[14][15] militant organization[16] which operates out of Russia.[17][18][19][20] The group seeks to create a new Russian Empire. Its paramilitary wing is the Russian Imperial Legion. During the Donbas War, it recruited and trained thousands of far-right volunteers who joined the Russian separatist forces in Ukraine.[21] It has also given training to other far-right groups in Europe and North America.

Its leader is Stanislav Vorobyov.[16][22] It has been designated as a terrorist group by the United States[23][24] and Canada.[11] Some of its publications have been blacklisted in Russia, although the Russian government refuses to designate the group as a terrorist organization.[25]

Overview

The Russian Imperial Movement (RIM) was founded in St. Petersburg in 2002 by Stanislav Vorobyev.[26]

Ideology

RIM's website has been found to be part of a broader cluster of websites for political groups in Russia that promote "political orthodoxy" and monarchy, drawing inspiration from the violent, antisemitic Black Hundreds of early 20th century Russia.[27] Other groups in this cluster include "For Faith and Fatherland" and the modern revival of the "Union of the Russian People".[27] The movement does not recognize the existence of Ukraine.[5] According to Global Engagement Center, RIM sees a global Zionist conspiracy to undermine Russia and restructure the world governments to benefit the Jews. RIM also engages in Holocaust denial, claiming the Jews murder Christian children and drink their blood and that the Jews conspire to bring about the coming of the Anti-Christ.[28]

Local affiliations

In Russia RIM is politically affiliated with an alliance of orthodox nationalist groups called Russian National Front, consisting of Black Hundreds, Great Russia Party, People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky and Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers.[6] RIM's military arm is affiliated with a coalition of neo-Nazi military groups taking part in the Russian invasion of Ukraine made up of Atomwaffen Russland, Rusich and Russian ONA, with some overlap.[29][30][31][32][33][34]

Relationship with the Russian state

The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism described the RIM's relationship with the Russian government as "an adversarial symbiosis"; as long as they do not commit terrorism domestically, they are free to operate and offer training to militants and to send troops to conflicts abroad where Russia has a stake in.[35]

Western intelligence officials say they believe that the RIM has ties with and cooperates with Russian intelligence. The New York Times, citing unnamed U.S. officials, states that RIM is only partially aligned with the Russian government; the movement's leadership has been critical of the government's conduct of the Ukraine invasion, and has accused Putin of corruption. Yet, the RIM and Russian intelligence share common goals abroad, leading to a symbiotic relationship in which Russian intelligence has been able to influence the RIM's actions.[36]

Foreign sanctions

On 6 April 2020, the U.S. Department of State added the Russian Imperial Movement and three of its leaders (Stanislav Anatolyevich Vorobyev, Denis Valliullovich Gariyev,[37] and Nikolay Nikolayevich Trushchalov[38]) to the Specially Designated Global Terrorist list,[23] thereby making it the first white supremacist group to be designated a terrorist organization by the State Department.[15]

The group was officially designated as a terrorist group in Canada on 3 February 2021.[39][11]

Imperial Legion paramilitary

Patch of the Russian Imperial Legion

In 2008, RIM formed its paramilitary arm, named the Imperial Legion (Russian: Имперский легион), which has been led by Denis Valliullovich Gariyev since at least 2014,[40] and has called for "young Orthodox men" to dedicate themselves to defending Novorossiya.[27]

Training

The group maintains two training facilities in Saint Petersburg, one of which is known as camp Partizan, located south of Heinäsenmaa [ru] island. Partizan runs training in urban warfare, shooting, tactical medicine, high-altitude activity, military psychology, and survival.[41][15][42]

Activities

After the war in Donbas broke out in eastern Ukraine in April 2014, the RIM began training and sending volunteer soldiers to the pro-Russian groups in the conflict in July.[16]

Some members of the Imperial Legion have worked as mercenaries in the Middle East and North Africa. On January 30, 2020, it was reported that Vladimir Skopinov, who had also previously fought in Donbas and Syria, had died in Libya—the second member of the Legion to die there.[43]

Flag of the Russian Imperial Legion

Some people affiliated with the movement have been implicated in crimes. Klaud Rommel who was affiliated with Russian orthodox fundamentalist militias has been charged with "sexual violence committed against a victim under the age of 12" for allegedly "systematically" raping a 10-year-old girl. Rommel was arrested after returning from the frontline in Ukraine and having recovered from wounds sustained there. Rommel was also known for producing media from a Russian Orthodox militant perspective and writing about the New World Order.[44][45][46]

Foreign affiliations and activities

According to the US State Department, RIM provides paramilitary-style training to extremists throughout Europe and operates two training facilities there.[17]

Finland

RIM has provided paramilitary training to Finnish neo-Nazis.[47] Finnish neo-Nazis have been recruited for the war in Ukraine by local far-right pro-Russian parties.[48][49][50][51][52][53] In July 2023 the Finnish police arrested five men in Lahti who possessed assault rifles and adhered to accelerationism and Siege and planned to ignite a race war by attacking the infrastructure, electric grid and railroads.[54] The men discussed forming a new Atomwaffen cell, and discussed assassinating Prime minister Sanna Marin. It was reported the men had at least planned training in Russia, and had met with Janus Putkonen. Later Iltalehti confirmed the men had acquired training for the use of firearms and explosives.[55] Additionally the group committed burglaries against left-wing targets.[56] RIM initially trained members of its ally Nordic Resistance Movement in Finland, and since its banning it has continued training NRM's successor groups.[57]

Germany

RIM has provided paramilitary training to German neo-Nazis.[47]

In May 2018, German Junge Nationaldemokraten held a gathering in Riesa, Germany, where representatives of RIM took part in together with related organizations such as the neo-Nazi Serbian Action and Bulgarian National Union.[58]

On 5 June 2020, the German magazine Focus reported that the German security services were aware of the training of German neo-Nazis in Russia. However, they could not prohibit the Germans from traveling to Saint Petersburg for legal reasons. The authorities assume that Russian President Vladimir Putin is aware of the camps and "at least tolerates them".[59][60]

In 2022, the German government verified that members of the German NPD youth organization Young Nationalists and the German neo-Nazi group "Third Way" trained in Russia in this center.[61]

Spain

In November 2019, a representative of RIM held a speech at an international conference in Madrid that was organized by the[62] neo-Nazi[63] far-right Spanish political party "National Democracy" which was attended by members of Alliance for Peace and Freedom.[62]

On 29 April 2020, the Spanish Ministry of the Interior received an intelligence report which stated that RIM was inciting its right-wing extremist contacts in Spain to commit acts of terror, such as attacking the infrastructure, transportation system and using chemical weapons against the public.[64]

The RIM—possibly acting as a proxy for Russian intelligence—is believed to have perpetrated the letter bomb terrorist campaign that targeted Spanish governmental institutions, embassies, and military and defense industry installations across Spain in late 2022. Important RIM members are known to have been present in Spain, and the RIM has fostered ties with Spanish far-right groups.[36]

Sweden

In 2008, RIM visited Sweden in order to attend Karl XII's Memorial Day in Stockholm together with the neo-Nazi Party of the Swedes. In autumn 2015 it was noted that RIM had provided support to the Swedish Resistance Movement (SMR), and that RIM's leader Vorobyev had visited SMR in Sweden.[16]

On 26 January 2020, a Russian man named Anatoly Udodov was arrested at the Arlanda airport after the police had discovered a cache of weapons belonging to him. The Swedish police had confiscated numerous firearms from him the previous summer due to his connections to SMR. Udodov was described as the representative of RIM in Sweden by Vorobyev and investigators believe he is the local recruiter for the RIM training camps. According to Swedish police Udodov is friends with a convicted terrorist, 23-year-old Viktor Melin. Melin was part of a group of Swedish neo-Nazis who went to Russia for military training, and upon returning was responsible for a string of bombings against minorities and political enemies.[65]

United States

According to multiple sources, Atomwaffen Division Russland receives training from the group. The citizens of the United States who are affiliated with the group are also believed to have taken part in it.[66][67][68][7][69][41] Later, the National Counterterrorism Center Director Christopher Miller confirmed that American neo-Nazis have had contacts with the RIM; specifically, on previous occasions, they have traveled to Russia to train with the group, however Miller described these connections as "relatively loose and informal".[70][71] The ties between Atomwaffen and RIM reach back to 2015 when Brandon Russell met with the leadership of RIM.[72] Additionally both groups adhere to James Mason's accelerationism.[1] According to the Center on Terrorism, Extremism and Counterterrorism;

In the last decade, RIM has put considerable effort into connecting with other white supremacist, accelerationist, or ultra-Orthodox organizations abroad. Experts from the Stanford Center for International Security and Cooperation even speculate that after fighting in the Donbas War, RIM sought to position itself at the forefront of the transnational white supremacist movement in an ambitious networking plan called the "Last Crusade"....The "Last Crusade" proved to be a successful promotion of RIM's training camps to American accelerationists. In 2018, the neo-Nazi Atomwaffen Division's (AWD) leader Kaleb James Cole, accompanied by another member Aiden Bruce-Umbaugh, traveled to Russia to receive training at RIM's facilities. RIM has also provided training to other US nationals affiliated with AWD in St. Petersburg sometime around 2020. At present, the above information suggests an overlap between AWD and RIM in support for antisemitic action and militant accelerationism.[33]

Other

RIM has also provided paramilitary training to Polish neo-Nazis.[47]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Brian Castner (20 October 2023). "The White Power Mercenaries Fighting For the Lost Cause Around the World". Time. Wagner shares with some American militias a particular apocalyptic philosophy: accelerationism, or a desire to foment immediate radical social upheaval. Perhaps the most well-known American accelerationists are the Boogaloo Bois...Accelerationism wants to bring on the war soon, while whites are perceived as still being in a better position to win. "The Boogaloo and the Russian Imperial Legion share a common worldview", Rondeaux said.
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  66. ^ Nacos, Brigitte (27 April 2023). Terrorism and Counterterrorism. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-138-31763-5. according to intelligence reports, members of the AWD trained with the Imperial Russian Movement in a camp outside of St. Petersburg
  67. ^ Spencer Beswick (6 January 2023). "The Jan. 6 coup blared an alarm about rising fascism. Will we hear it?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023. With Trump out of office, a worrying number of fascist groups today are repeating the revolutionary turn of the 1980s, from neo-Nazis like the Atomwaffen Division (also known as the National Socialist Resistance Front), which has sought military training with both the Ukrainian Azov Battalion and the Russian Imperial Movement
  68. ^ "We Applied to Join a Neo-Nazi Group Fighting in Ukraine". Unicorn Riot. 25 December 2022. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. There has been an AWD cell in Russia since 2020 and it has close relations with the paramilitary, radical right group known as the Russian Imperial Movement. Many of the members of AWD have received military training from the latter.
  69. ^ "V 'denacifikacijo' Ukrajine tudi ruski neonacisti (Russian neo-Nazis are also involved in the 'denazification' of Ukraine)". 24ur.com. 14 October 2022. Archived from the original on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2022. Among those listed, the Atomwaffen Division, founded in the USA, which is closely connected to both Russian and Ukrainian ultra-right groups, is certainly still operating illegally. In doing so, it cooperates with the Azov battalion, which is banned on the territory of Russia, and the Russian imperialist movement, which the US State Department estimates enables the training of white supremacists and neo-Nazis in Europe.
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  71. ^ "Neo-Nazi organizations and radicals as a tool of influence in Scandinavia". 9 February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023. Meanwhile, Canada and the U.S. recognized the RIM as a terrorist organization, which is suspected of being involved in mailing improvised explosive devices in late 2022. Besides, two RIM members were killed in Libya, which is validly suggests their affiliation with the GRU. In 2022, organization members took part in the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The RIM is also reported to have a relationship with the neo-Nazi group Atomwaffen Division's Russian affiliate. We see common features in the structure and functioning of Atomwaffen Division and the NRM, which suggests common sources of their organizational development.
  72. ^ "Washington's Defunct Atomwaffen Division had Deep Ties to the Terrorist Org, Russia Imperialist Movement". Malcontent News. 6 August 2022. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2022.

Further reading

[[Category:Paramilitary organizations based in Russia]]