Roque González Garza

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is González and the second or maternal family name is Garza.
Roque González Garza
Roque González Garza in 1915.
42nd President of Mexico
by the Convention of Aguascalientes[a]
In office
16 January – 10 June 1915
Vice PresidentVacant[b]
Preceded byEulalio Gutiérrez
Succeeded byFrancisco Lagos Cházaro
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
for the Federal District's 8th district
In office
1 September 1922 – 31 August 1924
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
for Coahuila's 1st district
In office
16 September 1912 – 10 October 1913
Preceded byRafael Ramos Arizpe
Jefe Supremo of the Acción Revolucionaria Mexicanista
In office
1933–1934
Succeeded byNicolás Rodríguez Carrasco
Personal details
Born
Roque Victoriano González Garza

(1885-03-23)23 March 1885
Saltillo, Coahuila
Died12 November 1962 (aged 77)
Mexico City
NationalityMexican

Roque Victoriano González Garza (March 23, 1885 – November 12, 1962) was a Mexican general and politician who served as acting President of Mexico from January to June 1915. He was appointed by the Convention of Aguascalientes during the Mexican Revolution, and had previously been an important advisor to President Francisco Madero and a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He was later a founder of the anti-communist, xenophobic, antisemitic, nationalist Revolutionary Mexicanist Action party and its leader from 1933 to 1934.

Early years in politics

From 1908 he appeared in politics in opposition to the government of President Porfirio Díaz. He was one of the first supporters of Francisco I. Madero, whom he accompanied in his presidential campaign. He was director of revolutionary forces in Coahuila, and a federal deputy. During the election of 1910, Díaz had Madero (the opposition candidate) and 6,000 of his supporters jailed. González was arrested with Madero. Madero was able to escape and issued a call for armed revolt. González later joined him and fought in the battles of Casas Grandes and Ciudad Juárez.

After Madero assumed the presidency, González was his personal assistant and a member of his general staff. When Madero and Vice-President José María Pino Suárez were murdered, González went to the north, joining the forces of Francisco Villa. He was promoted to general and he participated in the most important battles of the revolution against the Huerta regime. These included the battles of Torreón, San Pedro de las Colonias, Paredón, Saltillo and Zacatecas.

Federal positions

Roque González (left) and Francisco I. Madero (center) while exiled in San Antonio, Texas.

He was the personal representative of Villa in the Aguascalientes Convention, where he was one of the most outstanding figures. He was chosen to preside at the Convention, and was one of the editors of the Manifiesto that the Convention published on November 13, 1914.

On the fall of Conventionalist President Eulalio Gutiérrez, he was chosen by the Convention as Gutiérrez's replacement. As a Conventionalist, he was in opposition to the Constitutionalist president, Venustiano Carranza. González's term of office ran from January 16, 1915 to June 10 of the same year. On the latter date, by agreement of the Convention, he turned over power to Francisco Lagos Cházaro and reentered private life in Mexico City.

The victory of the Constitutionalists forced him into exile, where he remained several years, until after the death of Carranza. Years later he collaborated in the administration of General Manuel Ávila. He was coauthor of the books La Batalla de Torreón (1914) and Apuntes para la Historia (1914), which recounted the events of the Mexican Revolution.

Revolutionary Mexicanist Action

Main article: Revolutionary Mexicanist Action
Caricature of Nicolas Rodriguez Carrasco and Roque Gonzalez Garza on the front page of a communist magazine

In 1933, González Garza co-founded the fascist paramilitary Revolutionary Mexicanist Action along with many other militants of the Mexican Revolution.[4][5][6] He led the paramilitary group until 1934 where he was succeeded by Nicolas Rodriguez Carrasco. Although no longer leader, he maintained his prominence in the group.[4][7] In March of 1935, González Garza and Ovidio Pedrero Valenzuela led the group on horseback raiding and destroying the newly established Mexican Communist Party headquarters in Mexico City.[4][5][8]

Later life and death

During the presidency of Manuel Ávila Camacho, he held governmental positions.[9]

He was awarded the rank of major general, was president of the Legion of Honor. In 1962, President López Mateos appointed him head of works in Meztitlán, Hidalgo.[9]

González Garza wrote books on the history of the revolution.[9]

Roque González Garza died in Mexico City on November 12, 1962.[9]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ After the ousting of President Huerta, Venustiano Carranza formed the Constitutional Army, while the forces of Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata held the Convention of Aguascalientes and appointed three men to serve as President, with González Garza being the second. When President Lagos Cházaro resigned, the string of Conventionalist presidents ended and the conflict continued, and from 1915 to 1917 there technically was no president. The United States ultimately recognized Carranza as the legitimate leader of Mexico after the creation of the Constitution of 1917 and Carranza's victory in the election of 1917.
  2. ^ After the ousting of President Madero and Vice President Pino Suárez, constitutional Presidents Lascuráin, Huerta, and Carvajal, did not appoint vice presidents, as they were not elected. This continued with the Conventionalists, including González Garza. The Vice Presidency was eventually abolished by the Constitution of 1917.[1][2][3]

References

  1. ^ "Verba Iuris - la palabra del Derecho". Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
  2. ^ "¿Por qué México no tiene vicepresidente?". 6 April 2021. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
  3. ^ "¿Por qué en México no hay un vicepresidente del Gobierno?". 21 November 2021. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
  4. ^ a b c Backal, Alicia G. de (2000). Camisas, escudos y desfiles militares : los Dorados y el antisemitismo en México, 1934-1940. México: Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales Acatlán (UNAM). pp. 230–239. ISBN 978-9681661946.
  5. ^ a b Michaels, Albert L. (1966). "Fascism and Sinarquismo: Popular Nationalisms Against the Mexican Revolution". Journal of Church and State. 8 (2): 234–250. doi:10.1093/jcs/8.2.234. JSTOR 23913319.
  6. ^ Pineda Gómez, Francisco (2013). Ejército Libertador : 1915 (Primeraición ed.). México, D.F. ISBN 9786074452730.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ Carmona Dávila, Doralicia. "Se enfrentan elementos de los "Camisas Doradas" con "Camisas Rojas" en Guadalajara". www.memoriapoliticademexico.org. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  8. ^ Peláez Ramos, Gerardo (4 December 2010). "20 de noviembre de 1935: Batalla en el zócalo entre comunistas y fascistas" (PDF). La Haine. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d "Roque González Garza". biblio.upmx.mx. Retrieved 13 May 2022.

Bibliography

  • "González Garza, Roque", Enciclopedia de México, vol. 6. Mexico City, 1996, ISBN 1-56409-016-7.
  • García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
  • Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.
Political offices
Preceded by President of Mexico
1915 		Succeeded by

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