Eksperimentel filosofi

Eksperimentel filosofi er en ny filosofisk retning som søger at kombinere traditionelle, filosofiske overvejelser med systematiske, empiriske undersøgelser.[1][2][3][4][5] Ved hjælp af kognitiv videnskabsmetode udfører eksperimentelle filosoffer eksperimentelle undersøgelser for at forstå, hvordan mennesker almindeligvis tænker over visse grundlæggende, filosofiske emner.[6][7][8][9]

Empiriske undersøgelser kan her metodologisk f.eks. beskrives som indsamling af data fra databaser, som den eksperimentelle filosofi så behandler i computersystemer, dvs. computer-understøttede meta-analyser.

Den har således en del fællestræk med Lateral Tænkning.

Eksperimentelle filosofer har hævdet, at empiriske data kan have indirekte effekt på filosofiske spørgsmål ved at muliggøre en bedre forståelse af de underliggende, filosofiske processor, der leder til filosofisk intuition.[10] Denne brug af empiriske data opfattes bredt som stående i modsætning til en filosofisk metodologi, der alene sætter sin lid til a priori-begrundelse, undertiden omtalt som 'lænestolsfilosofi'.[4][5] Uenighed om hvad eksperimentel filosofi kan opnå er udbredt, og adskillige filosoffer har fremsat kritik.[11][12][13]

Eksperimentel filosofi begyndte oprindelig med at fokusere på spørgsmål, der drejer sig om forskelle på tværs af kulturer,[14][15] fri vilje[16] og filosofi om handlen.[17][18] Siden da har eksperimentel filosofi fortsat med at udvide sit emneområde og undersøgelsesfelt.

Noter

  1. ^ Lackman, Jon. The X-Philes Philosophy meets the real world Arkiveret 2. august 2011 hos Wayback Machine, Slate, March 2, 2006.
  2. ^ Appiah, Anthony. The New New Philosophy Arkiveret 8. november 2012 hos Wayback Machine, New York Times, December 9, 2007.
  3. ^ Appiah, Anthony. The 'Next Big Thing' in Ideas Arkiveret 13. februar 2009 hos Wayback Machine, National Public Radio, January 3, 2008.
  4. ^ a b Shea, Christopher. Against Intuition Arkiveret 10. juli 2009 hos Wayback Machine, Chronicle of Higher Education, October 3, 2008.
  5. ^ a b Edmonds, David and Warburton, Nigel. Philosophy’s great experiment Arkiveret 30. september 2009 hos Wayback Machine, Prospect, March 1, 2009
  6. ^ The Experimental Philosophy Page Arkiveret 5. april 2015 hos Wayback Machine.
  7. ^ Prinz, J. Experimental Philosophy Arkiveret 26. juli 2013 hos Wayback Machine, YouTube September 17, 2007.
  8. ^ Knobe, Joshua. What is Experimental Philosophy? Arkiveret 11. januar 2016 hos Wayback Machine The Philosophers' Magazine (28) 2004.
  9. ^ Knobe, Joshua and Nichols, Shaun. An Experimental Philosophy Manifesto Arkiveret 11. januar 2016 hos Wayback Machine, in Knobe & Nichols (eds.) Experimental Philosophy Arkiveret 14. august 2010 hos Wayback Machine 2008.
  10. ^ Knobe, Joshua and Nichols, Shaun. An Experimental Philosophy Manifesto Arkiveret 11. januar 2016 hos Wayback Machine, in Knobe & Nichols (eds.) Experimental Philosophy Arkiveret 14. august 2010 hos Wayback Machine, § 2.1. 2008.
  11. ^ Kauppinen, A. (2007). The Rise and Fall of Experimental Philosophy. Philosophical Explorations 10 (2), pp. 95–118.
  12. ^ Ludwig, K. (2007). The Epistemology of Thought Experiments: First vs. Third Person Approaches Arkiveret 10. marts 2012 hos Wayback Machine. Midwest Studies in Philosophy. 31:128-159.
  13. ^ Cullen, S. (forthcoming). Survey-Driven Romanticism. Arkiveret 22. november 2009 hos Wayback Machine European Review of Philosophy, 9.
  14. ^ Weinberg, J., Nichols, S., & Stich, S. (2001). Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions. Arkiveret 3. august 2011 hos Wayback Machine Philosophical Topics 29, pp. 429–460.
  15. ^ Machery, E., Mallon, R., Nichols, S., & Stich, S. (2004). Semantics, Cross-Cultural Style Arkiveret 21. september 2017 hos Wayback Machine. Cognition 92, pp. B1-B12.
  16. ^ Nahmias,E., Morris, S., Nadelhoffer, T. & Turner, J. Surveying Freedom: Folk Intuitions about Free Will and Moral Responsibility Arkiveret 22. november 2009 hos Wayback Machine. Philosophical Psychology (18) 2005 p.563
  17. ^ Knobe, J. (2003a). Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language, Arkiveret 9. oktober 2014 hos Wayback Machine Analysis 63, pp. 190–193.
  18. ^ Shaun Nichols & Joseph Ulatowski (2007). Intuitions and Individual Differences: The Knobe Effect Revisited. (Webside ikke længere tilgængelig) Mind & Language 22 (4):346–365.

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