Toyota Hilux Champ

Toyota Hilux Champ
2023 Toyota Hilux Champ (Thailand)
Overview
ManufacturerToyota
Model code
  • AN110
  • AN120
Also called
  • Toyota Hilux Rangga (Indonesia)
  • Toyota Tamaraw (Philippines)
  • Toyota Hilux Stout (Peru)[1]
ProductionNovember 2023 – present
Assembly
Body and chassis
ClassCompact pickup truck
Light commercial vehicle
Body style
LayoutFront-engine, rear-wheel-drive
PlatformToyota IMV
ChassisBody-on-frame
RelatedToyota Hilux (AN110/AN120/AN130)
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 5-speed R151 manual
  • 6-speed AC60 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase
  • 2,750 mm (108.3 in) (SWB)
  • 3,085 mm (121.5 in) (LWB)
Length
  • 4,705 mm (185.2 in) (SWB, chassis cab)
  • 4,970 mm (195.7 in) (SWB)
  • 5,040 mm (198.4 in) (LWB, chassis cab)
  • 5,300 mm (208.7 in) (LWB)
Width1,785 mm (70.3 in)
Height1,735 mm (68.3 in)

The Toyota Hilux Champ is a light commercial vehicle manufactured by the Japanese carmaker Toyota since 2023.[4] Based on the Hilux, the Hilux Champ is positioned below it as a simpler and more affordable alternative.[5] It is available as a two-door pickup truck or two-door chassis cab, and primarily targets emerging markets.[6][7]

Overview

History

The Hilux Champ was previewed as a single-cab pickup concept called the Toyota IMV 0 that was presented on 14 December 2022 at the 60th anniversary event of Toyota Motor Thailand hosted by Akio Toyoda. Toyoda stated "Internally we call it the IMV 0 concept. Its official launch is actually over a year away, but I wanted all of you to be the first to see it!".[8]

The IMV 0 was later showcased at the 30th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 10 August 2023 as the Rangga Concept.[9] The nameplate was formerly used for a variant of the Toyota Kijang in the 1990s.[10] The IMV 0 was also showcased during Toyota Motor Philippines' 35th anniversary event on 22 August 2023 as the Next Generation Tamaraw Concept with two variants, a pick-up truck similar to the Rangga Concept flat-deck truck, and a modern Jeepney, highlighting the IMV 0's modularity.[11]

The IMV 0 was previewed again at the Japan Mobility Show in October 2023, where the vehicle was displayed in multiple applications such as mobile cafe, cargo truck, ambulance, an off-road-modified vehicle, and a camper.[12][13]

The production version was released on 27 November 2023 in Thailand.[14] It is available in short-wheelbase and long-wheelbase options, with the latter only available with a 2.4-litre diesel engine.[15]

Toyota Indonesian subsidiary Toyota Astra Motor marketed the vehicle as the Hilux Rangga in the country since 2024.[16] The Hilux Rangga was revealed at the 31st Indonesia International Motor Show on 15 February 2024. It went on sale on 15 October 2024.[17] It is only available in a short-wheelbase version with a 2.0-litre petrol engine and a 2.4-litre diesel engine option.[18] Toyota Astra Motor planned to offer a three-row SUV version of the Hilux Rangga, built by a coachbuilder and sold through Toyota dealers in the country starting 2025.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]

In the Philippines, the Hilux Champ is marketed simply as the Tamaraw. Although marketing materials refer to the vehicle as the 'Tamaraw', the vehicle itself retains the physical 'Hilux' name on the doors and instrument cluster.[30][31] It was previewed on 31 May 2024, and it will be available in short-wheelbase and long-wheelbase options.[32] The SWB option is equipped with a 2.0-litre petrol engine paired with 5-speed manual transmission, while the LWB option is equipped with a 2.4-litre diesel engine paired with either 5-speed manual or 6-speed automatic transmissions, extra options such as alloy rims, power windows, door locks and mirrors are only available on the 2.4-litre LWB Diesel automatic.[33] The Tamaraw held its nationwide launch on 6 December 2024,[34][35] having already started production at Toyota's Santa Rosa plant on 28 November 2024.[36]

In September 2024, Toyota introduced the vehicle in Peru as the Hilux Stout, deriving its nameplate from the Toyota Stout.[37]

Development

Based on the IMV platform, the Hilux Champ was designed and engineered by Toyota Daihatsu Engineering & Manufacturing (TDEM) in collaboration with Japanese and Australian engineering teams.[38][39] The vehicle adopts a rugged styling, with extensive use of angular, boxy lines,[40] and was designed with modularity in mind as owners through body builders are able to mount a customized rear section to the chassis using bolts, making conversions easier.[41][42] The development of the Hilux Champ was led by it’s chief engineer Jurachart Jongusuk, who was also the chief engineer for the 2020 and 2024 facelifts of the Hilux and the 2020 facelift of the Fortuner.[citation needed]

Sharing its platform with the Hilux, it uses the same ladder frame underpinnings with leaf spring suspension at the rear axle.[43][44] For easier city use, the Hilux Champ is designed with shorter bonnet and cab. The steering rack is also modified from the Hilux to create shorter turning radius at 4.9 metres (16.1 ft) for the short-wheelbase version.[15]

As standard, the Thailand spec vehicle is equipped with 14-inch steel wheels, bench seats that accommodates three people (except the automatic transmission variant), driver side power window, dual airbags, ABS, and EBD.[15]

Powertrain

The Hilux Champ is available with 2.0-litre and 2.7-litre petrol engines, and a 2.4-litre diesel engine, which are carried over from other IMV vehicles such as the Hilux, Fortuner and Innova.

Type Engine code Displacement Power Torque Transmission Model code Layout Calendar years
Petrol 1TR-FE 1,998 cc (2.0 L) I4 with Dual VVT-i 102 kW (137 hp; 139 PS) @ 5,600 rpm 183 N⋅m (18.7 kg⋅m; 135 lb⋅ft) @ 4,000 rpm 5-speed R151 manual RWD 2023–present
Petrol 2TR-FE 2,693 cc (2.7 L) I4 with Dual VVT-i 122 kW (164 hp; 166 PS) @ 5,200 rpm 245 N⋅m (25.0 kg⋅m; 181 lb⋅ft) @ 4,000 rpm 6-speed AC60 automatic 2023–present
Diesel 2GD-FTV 2,393 cc (2.4 L) turbocharged I4 110 kW (148 hp; 150 PS) @ 3,400 rpm 343 N⋅m (35.0 kg⋅m; 253 lb⋅ft) @ 1,400–2,800 rpm 5-speed R151 manual GUN112
GUN122
2023–present
400 N⋅m (40.8 kg⋅m; 295 lb⋅ft) @ 1,600–2,000 rpm 6-speed AC60 automatic

References

  1. ^ Quinde, Bryan (2024-08-29). "Toyota lanza la Hilux Stout: La solución ideal para emprendedores peruanos". Rumbo Minero (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  2. ^ "Toyota Launches IMV 0 in Thailand Providing Mobility to Make People's Lives Better through Customizability". Toyota Motor Corporation Official Global Website. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  3. ^ Tresvalles, Jerome (2024-06-03). "Toyota gives us a glimpse of the upcoming Tamaraw". AutoDeal.com.ph.
  4. ^ "Toyota Reveals Production Tamaraw (Hilux Champ) With P 725K Starting Price". CarGuide.PH. 2023-11-27. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  5. ^ Lacuna, Jamil (2023-11-27). "Next-gen Tamaraw: 2024 Toyota Hilux Champ makes ASEAN debut". AutoIndustriya.com.
  6. ^ "Toyota Hilux Champ launched in Thailand – budget truck for Asia; 2.0L, 2.7L petrol; 2.4L diesel; fr RM61k". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 2023-11-27. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  7. ^ "Toyota Hilux Champ is a bare-bones, $13,200 truck for emerging markets". Autoblog. 2023-11-28. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
  8. ^ "Toyota IMV 0 expected launch in Thailand by 2025 – 2.0L petrol, 2.4L diesel; to be priced from RM47k?". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 2023-11-16. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  9. ^ "GIIAS 2023: Toyota Rangga Concept – multi-purpose pick-up truck; production version due by year end". Paul Tan's Automotive News. 2023-08-17. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  10. ^ Andres, Anton (2023-08-11). "Gaikindo 2023: Toyota Rangga concept shows possible body types of future Tamaraw". Top Gear. Philippines. Retrieved 2023-08-11.
  11. ^ Garcia, Leandre (2023-08-23). "This is the next-gen Toyota Tamaraw that will be assembled in PH starting 2024". Retrieved 2023-08-23.
  12. ^ "Toyota's Modular Truck of the Future Can be an Overlander, Vending Machine". Motor1.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  13. ^ Pappas, Thanos (2023-10-27). "Toyota IMV 0 Concept Is A Hilux-Sized Pickup With Endless Possibilities". Carscoops. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  14. ^ "ภาพคันจริง Toyota Hilux CHAMP | รุ่นช่วงสั้นและช่วงยาว พร้อมรุ่นตกแต่งหลากหลายสไตล์". HeadLight Magazine (in Thai). 2023-11-27. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  15. ^ a b c Archawametheekun, Moo Teerapat (2023-11-27). "ราคาอย่างเป็นทางการ Toyota Hilux Champ : 459,000 - 577,000 บาท | ฐานล้อสั้น SWB - ฐานล้อยาว LWB". Autolifethailand.tv. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  16. ^ "Resmi, Nama Pikap Baru Toyota Hilux Rangga". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  17. ^ Adji, Erie W. (2024-10-15). "Resmi, Harga Toyota All New Hilux Rangga Mulai Rp188,7 Juta". Oto Driver (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-10-15.
  18. ^ Sudjatmiko, Suryo (2024-02-16). "Seperti Ini Wujud Toyota Hilux Rangga Dari Dekat". Oto Driver (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-02-17.
  19. ^ Hundal, Thomas (2024-12-16). "This Weird Toyota Hilux Rangga SUV Concept Looks Like Something I Drew As A Kid". The Autopian. US: The Autopian. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  20. ^ Pappas, Thanos (2024-12-16). "Toyota Hilux Champ Turns Into A Seven-Seater SUV". Carscoops. US: Carscoops. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  21. ^ Smith, Christopher (2024-12-16). "Toyota's $10000 Pickup Spawned a Cheap Three-Row SUV. We Want It". Motor1. US: Motorsport Network. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  22. ^ Bartholomew, Mike (2024-12-17). "The Toyota Hilux Rangga SUV Is A Super-Cheap Seven-Seater You Can't Have". Car Throttle. UK: Crash Media Group Ltd. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  23. ^ Luchian, Elena (2024-12-16). "This Box on Wheels Is a Three-Row Toyota Hilux, They Call It the Rangga". Autoevolution. Romania: SoftNews Net. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  24. ^ Merchant, Akbar (2024-12-17). "Toyota Hilux Rangga SUV previews affordable people mover". Autocar India. India: Autocar. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  25. ^ Tancredi, Tristan (2024-12-17). "The Champ is here: Odd-looking three-row HiLux Rangga SUV". WhichCar?. Australia: 4x4 Media. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  26. ^ Shahini, Alex (2024-12-17). "Toyota Indonesia Spawns 3-Row Hilux Champ as Budget SUV". Carmag. South Africa: Habari Media. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  27. ^ Bosch, Charl (2024-12-17). "'Condor' returns as Toyota Rangga SUV becomes production reality". The Citizen. South Africa: The Citizen. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  28. ^ Andres, Anton (2024-12-16). "The Toyota Tamaraw 'wagon' could end up looking like this". Top Gear Philippines. Philippines: Top Gear. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  29. ^ Adipati, A Rauf Andar (2024-12-12). Meirina, Zita (ed.). "Toyota sebut akan merilis Hilux Rangga SUV awal tahun depan" [Toyota says it will release the Hilux Rangga SUV early next year]. Antara. Indonesia: Antara. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  30. ^ "Next Generation Toyota Tamaraw" (PDF). Philippines: Toyota. October 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
  31. ^ "2025 Toyota Hilux Tamaraw to have 3 variants, multiple body types available". Autoindustriya.com. 2024-06-01. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  32. ^ "5 Things to know about the 2024 Toyota Tamaraw". Top Gear Philippines. 2024-06-01.
  33. ^ "This Is Your First Look At The Philippine-Spec Next-Generation Toyota Tamaraw". Philippines: CarGuide.ph. 2024-06-01. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  34. ^ Panlilio, Julian (2024-05-31). "Here's what you can expect from the PH-made Toyota Tamaraw". Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  35. ^ Grecia, Leandre (2024-12-06). "The Toyota Tamaraw is finally here, and it starts at P750k". Retrieved 2024-12-06.
  36. ^ Atienza, Isaac (2024-06-01). "Tamaraw Is Back! 2025 Toyota Tamaraw Previewed Ahead Of PH Launch". Goflatoutph.com. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  37. ^ Beher, Jorge (2024-09-03). "Toyota estrena a la nueva Hilux Stout en el Perú". Autocosmos. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
  38. ^ "Toyota debuts IMV 0 concept at Tokyo; could spawn affordable SUV | Team-BHP". Team-BHP.com. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  39. ^ "Toyota's new sub-HiLux ute will be a Champ". CarExpert. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  40. ^ Mahoney, John (2022-12-15). "All-electric Toyota HiLux EV revealed". carsales. Australia. Retrieved 2022-12-15.
  41. ^ "The Hilux Champ is the all-new Toyota Tamaraw we can expect here soon". Top Gear Philippines. 2023-11-27.
  42. ^ Santiago, Red. "Toyota's IMV 0 debuts in Thailand as the Hilux Champ". Visor.ph. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  43. ^ Ntui, Aniebiet Inyang (2023-10-27). "Toyota IMV 0 Concept: Everything We Know So Far". TopSpeed. Retrieved 2023-11-27.
  44. ^ Huong, Thomas (2022-12-15). "Toyota IMV 0 pick-up aims to be most affordable and customisable". CarSifu. Retrieved 2023-11-27.

Read other articles:

European high-speed train service, 1996–2023 Not to be confused with Thales. ThalysThalys TGV in Hoofddorp, NetherlandsOverviewOwnerEurostar GroupStations26Websitewww.thalys.comServiceTypeHigh-speed railRolling stock9 Thalys PBA17 Thalys PBKAHistoryCommenced4 June 1996; 27 years ago (1996-06-04)TechnicalTrack gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gaugeOperating speed300 km/h (190 mph) Route map Legend Amsterdam Centraal Schiphol A...

 

 

Deklarasi Kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat telah metumbangkan doktrin sosial yang sangat dominan pada saat itu yakni berupa hak dari raja-raja dianggap sebagai pemberian dari Ilahi Divine right of kings dengan berganti menjadi bahwa Semua manusia dilahirkan/diciptakan adalah dalam keadaan yang sama/sederajat All men are created equal Egalitarianisme (berasal dari bahasa Prancis égal yang berarti sama) adalah aliran pemikiran dalam filsafat politik yang memprioritaskan kesetaraan sosial bagi semua...

 

 

العلاقات البولندية الليبيرية بولندا ليبيريا   بولندا   ليبيريا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات البولندية الليبيرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين بولندا وليبيريا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقا...

Partai Komunis Ukraina Nama dalam bahasa UkrainaКомунiстична Партiя УкраïниNama dalam bahasa RusiaКоммунистическая партия УкраиныPendiriVladimir LeninDibentuk17 Juli 1918 (1918-07-17)Dilarang30 Agustus 1991; 32 tahun lalu (1991-08-30)Didahului olehPartai Buruh Demokrat Sosial Rusia (Bolshevik) – Demokrat-Sosial UkrainaDiteruskan olehPartai Sosialis UkrainaPartai Komunis Ukraina (1993)Partai Kebangkitan Demokratik Ukrain...

 

 

American baseball player Baseball player Jim TraberFirst basemanBorn: (1961-12-26) December 26, 1961 (age 62)Columbus, Ohio, U.S.Batted: LeftThrew: LeftProfessional debutMLB: September 21, 1984, for the Baltimore OriolesNPB: April 8, 1990, for the Kintetsu BuffaloesLast appearanceMLB: October 1, 1989, for the Baltimore OriolesNPB: October 10, 1991, for the Kintetsu BuffaloesMLB statisticsBatting average.227Home runs27Runs batted...

 

 

Ramsey Clark William Ramsey Clark (18 Desember 1927 – 9 April 2021) adalah seorang Jaksa Agung Amerika Serikat yang dikenal karena membantu membentuk undang-undang hak-hak sipil AS selama pemerintahan Johnson. Ia merupakan salah satu pembuat Undang-Undang Hak Suara 1965 dan Undang-Undang Hak Sipil 1968. Clark membela atau memberikan nasihat kepada pemimpin Libya Kolonel Muammar Gaddafi, Presiden Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic, tokoh politik Liberia Charles Taylor dan Saddam Hus...

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

 

Mill en Sint HubertBekas munisipalitas BenderaLambang kebesaranNegaraBelandaProvinsiBrabant UtaraLuas(2006) • Total53,08 km2 (2,049 sq mi) • Luas daratan52,22 km2 (2,016 sq mi) • Luas perairan0,86 km2 (33 sq mi)Populasi (1 Januari 2007) • Total11.011 • Kepadatan211/km2 (550/sq mi) Sumber: CBS, Statline.Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Mill en...

 

 

Main article: Subprime mortgage crisis The U.S. central banking system, the Federal Reserve, in partnership with central banks around the world, took several steps to address the subprime mortgage crisis. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke stated in early 2008: Broadly, the Federal Reserve’s response has followed two tracks: efforts to support market liquidity and functioning and the pursuit of our macroeconomic objectives through monetary policy.[1] A 2011 study by the Governmen...

Police force of Northern Ireland (1922–2001) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Royal Ulster Constabulary – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Law enforcement agency Royal Ulster ConstabularyBadge of the RUCCap Badge of the RUC f...

 

 

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: List of new members of the 104th United States Congress – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Freshman members of the United States Senate The 104th United States Congress began on January 3, 1995. There were nine ...

 

 

1990 novel by Walter Mosley For the film, see Devil in a Blue Dress (film). For the song, see Devil with a Blue Dress On. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Devil in a Blue Dress – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Devil in a ...

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (ديسمبر 2018) هولندا كأس العالم 1994 الاتحاد المشرف اتحاد هولندا لكرة القدم البلد المضيف  الولايات المتحدة المدرب ديك...

 

 

Road tunnel in Bergen, Norway Fløyfjell TunnelFløyfjelltunnelenThe entrance to the tunnel is in the lower right part of the pictureOverviewLocationVestland, NorwayCoordinates60°24′13″N 5°20′11″E / 60.40361°N 5.33639°E / 60.40361; 5.33639Route E16 / E39OperationOpened1989OperatorNorwegian Public Roads AdministrationTraffic43,189 (2010)TechnicalLength3,825 metres (12,549 ft) (northbound tube) 3,195 metres (10,482 ft) (southbound tube) The Fløyfje...

 

 

Calcarea Calcispongiae dari Kunstformen der Natur oleh Ernst Haeckel', 1904 Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Porifera Kelas: CalcareaBowerbank, 1864 Ordo Subkelas Calcinea Clathrinida Leucettida Murrayonida Subkelas Calcaronea Baerida Leucosolenida Lithonida Sycettida Calcarea adalah anggota dari filum hewan Porifera. Rangka tubuh Calcarea tersusun dari kalsium karbonat.[1] Umumnya, Calcarea sangat kecil, hanya memiliki tinggi sekitar 3-4 inci. Dari 15.000 spesies Porifer...

Pyramid of TenayucaPiramida TenayucaWilayahLembah MeksikoStatusTerjaga, dilengkapi dengan museumLokasiLokasiKota Meksiko Raya.MunisipalitasTlalnepantla de BazNegara bagianMeksikoKoordinat19°31′55.8″N 99°10′6.5″W / 19.532167°N 99.168472°W / 19.532167; -99.168472ArsitekturTipeKuilGaya arsitekturAztekSpesifikasiArah fasadBaratPanjang52 meterLebar60 meterSitus webTenayuca di situs INAH (Spanyol) Tenayuca (bahasa Nahuatl: tenanyōcān) adalah sebuah situs ar...

 

 

Questa voce sull'argomento metropolitana di Londra è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Upney Edificio della stazioneStazione dellametropolitana di Londra GestoreTfL Inaugurazione1932 Statoin uso LineaLinea District LocalizzazioneUpney Lane, Barking, Barking e Dagenham Zona tariffariaZona 4 TipologiaStazione di superficie Upney Metropolitane del mondo Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Metropolitana di LondraLinea District   ...

 

 

Municipality in Lower Saxony, GermanySeulingen Municipality Coat of armsLocation of Seulingen within Göttingen district Seulingen Show map of GermanySeulingen Show map of Lower SaxonyCoordinates: 51°33′N 10°10′E / 51.550°N 10.167°E / 51.550; 10.167CountryGermanyStateLower SaxonyDistrictGöttingen Municipal assoc.Radolfshausen Government • MayorLars Denecke (CDU)Area • Total11.08 km2 (4.28 sq mi)Elevation167 m (548...

The Signpost Volume 20Issue 1326 September 2024 – PDIn the mediaCourts order Wikipedia to give up names of editors, legal strain anticipated from online safety lawsANI (but probably not the one you're thinking of), bias and bans, crisis and Clover, Engelhorn's euros, and will the zoomers inherit the project? Legaleagle86 – CC BY-SA 3.0Community viewIndian courts order Wikipedia to take down name of crime victim, editors strive towards consensusIn response to a takedown request, Wikipedia...

 

 

Рельеф дна Северного ледовитого океана Континентальный шельф Российской Федерации (также называемый Российский континентальный шельф) геологически определяется как весь континентальный шельф, примыкающий к побережью России. В международном же праве Конвенция ООН по ...