Pimpri-Chinchwad, also known as PCMC, is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city is about 15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of the historic city of Pune, at an altitude of 590 m (1,940 ft) above sea level.[5][6][7] It is the fifth largest city in Maharashtra and the eighteenth largest city in India and the sixteenth largest satellite city in the world by population. The city is located 135 km (84 mi) southeast from the state's capital Mumbai. It is one of the most rapidly developing suburban areas in India and has emerged as the third fastest growing city in the country.[8] It is well known for its automotive, IT and manufacturing industry.[9][10]
History
The first reference to Pune region is found in two copper plates dated to 758 and 768 AD, issued by Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. The plates are called "Puny Vishaya" and "Punaka Vishaya" respectively. The plates mention areas around Pune such as Theur, Uruli, Khed, Dapodi, and also Bhosari, now part of the city.[11]
Chinchwad is noted for the shrine of Morya Gosavi, a prominent saint of the Ganapatya denomination of Hinduism that worships Lord Ganesha as the Supreme Being or its metaphysical concept of Brahman. Various sources place Moraya Gosavi between the 13th and 17th centuries CE.[12][13][14] The inscription on the temple records that its construction began in 1658 CE.[15]
Chinchwad is the birthplace of the Chapekar brothers: Damodar Hari (1870–1898), Balkrishna Hari (1873–1899) and Vasudeo Hari, who assassinated W. C. Rand, a British civil service officer and the chairman of the Special Plague Committee of Poona (Pune), on 22 June 1897.[16][17]
Pimpri Camp
Following the partition of India, the Government of India constructed 1,609 residences and laid out around 300 plots on 203 acres of land in the Pimpri area.[18] This area came to be known as Pimpri Camp is one of the 31 refugee camps in Bombay State (present day Maharashtra) set up during the period.[19][20]
Pimpri-Chinchwad after independence
After Indian independence from the British in 1947. In 1955, Hindustan Antibiotics was set up in Pimpri with the cooperation of WHO and UNICEF with the social objective of providing affordable drugs throughout India. It was inaugurated by India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 10 March 1954. Production began in 1955. The establishment of Hindustan Antibiotics in 1954 marked the beginning of industrial development in the Chinchwad, Bhosari, and Pimpri areas.[21][22]MIDC provided the necessary infrastructure for new businesses to set up operations.[23]
The area within the city limits is widely considered as 'flat' given the altitude varying between 530 and 570 m above sea level. The city is situated approximately at 18° 37' north latitude and 73° 48' east longitude bordering limits of Pune Municipal Corporation on the north and northwest. The historic centre is 15 km from each end.[24] Three rivers Pavana, Mula and Indrayani flow through this area. The rivers originates from the Western Ghats. The base rock found throughout the city is Deccan trapbasalt. Building stone is the only commercially important mineral found in the area.[24][25] In 1970s, due to increased industrialisation on Mumbai–Pune Highway, many villages around the highway were merged to form Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. The earliest villages which were absorbed were Pimpri, Chinchwad, Dapodi, Bhosari etc.
The city experiences three seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are February to May with maximum temperatures above 35 °C and reaching up to 42 °C on hotter days. The city receives most of its 722 mm of rainfall in the monsoon months of June to September. The temperature in the winter months of October to January ranges from 12 °C (min) to 30 °C (max), with night temperatures often falling below 10 °C.[24][25]
Pimpri-Chinchwad has a tropical wet and dry (type Aw) climate, with the characteristics of a hot semi-arid climate (type BSh) climate with average temperatures ranging between 20 and 28 °C (68 and 82 °F).[26] Typical summer months are from mid-March to mid-June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). The warmest month in Pimpri-Chinchwad is May. The city often has heavy dusty winds in May, with humidity remaining high. Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature recorded was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) on 30April 1897.[27]
The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). Most of the 722 mm (28.43 in) of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are not unheard of.
For most of December and January the daytime temperature hovers around 26 °C (79 °F) while night temperatures are below 9 °C (48 °F), often dropping to 5 to 6 °C (41 to 43 °F). The lowest temperature recorded was 1.7 °C (35 °F) on 17January 1935.
Climate data for Pimpri-Chinchwad (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
Population figures for Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation area Source: 1951-2011,[3] 2017 (est).[31]
As of the 2011 Census of India, the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation area had a population of 1,729,692.[3] The sex ratio was 833 females per 1000 males.[3] About 13% of the population was under seven years of age with a sex ratio of 875 females per 1000 males.[3] Around 8% of the city's population lives in slums.[3] Pimpri-Chinchwad has an average literacy rate of 89.22% (92.41% males; 85.37% females),[3] higher than the national average of 74.04%.[32] The main language spoken in the city is Marathi.[1] There is a significant Sindhi population in Pimpri, which dates to the partition of India in 1947. The neighbourhood has considerable Hindi, Malayalam, Punjabi, Gujarati, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu speaking population.[33][34]
The samadhi (resting) places of the two most revered Marathi Bhakti saints, Dnyaneshwar and Tukaram, are at Alandi and Dehu respectively.[37] The Khandoba Mandir in Akurdi is one the family deity for most Marathi Hindus. The Peshwa era rulers provided endowments to more Maruti temples than to temples of other deities such as Shiva, Ganesh or Vitthal. Even in the present time, there are more Maruti temples than those of other deities.[38][39]
Alandi - The town attracts millions of devotees annually to the resting place or (Samadhi) of the 13th century Marathi Bhakti saint, Sant Dnyaneshwar.[40]
Dehu - The town on the banks of the indrayani river is associated with Sant Tukaram Maharaj,[41] the 17th-century poet-saint of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra.[42] The town is visited by hundreds of thousands of people for the annual Pandharpur Wari when the paduka (symbolic sandals) of the saint are carried to Pandharpur in a palkhi.
Pune is one of the major industrial hubs in Asia in which the majority contributes from the neighbourhood of Pimpri-Chinchwad.[43] The formation of MIDC in 1962 resulted in a constant process of industrial land acquisition and the creation of required support infrastructure. Since then, there has been a massive influx of several European companies who continue to be keen on setting up manufacturing facilities in PCMC, Pune. It has a rapid growth in terms of the industries and most of the major automobile companies and their headquarters are located here. There is also a rapid growth in the software and IT departments.
The Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park in Hinjawadi is a ₹60,000 crore (US$8.9 billion) project by the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC).[45][46] The IT Park encompasses an area of about 2,800 acres (11 km2) and is home to over 800 IT companies of all sizes.[47]
On 4 March 1970, the villages of Pimpri, Chinchwad, Bhosari and Akurdi merged into a single municipal authority, the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Council, Pune.[48][49] Two years later, the Pimpri Chinchwad New Town Development Authority, Pune was established. Its chief objective was to create a planned environment for the working population in the vicinity of their work place.[48][49] On 11 October 1982, the Municipal Council was merged with seven surrounding villages and the PCNTDA area to form the a new Municipal Corporation (Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune, and it split apart from the Haveli taluka to become the 15th and newest of Pune district's talukas.[5][48][49] The size of the city more than doubled in 1997 (from 84.51 km2 to 170.51 km2.) with the addition (in part or in full) of 18 villages located at the periphery of the PCMC as it existed in 1982. Tathawade was added to the city in 2008, bringing the total area of the neighbourhood to 176.41 km2.[48][49]
The Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune is the local governing body. It comprises two branches: the executive branch headed by the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra, and an elected deliberative branch, the general body, headed by the Mayor. Municipal elections are held every five years to elect councilors, popularly known as 'corporators', who form the general body of the PCMC. The corporators, in turn, elect the mayor and the deputy mayor. In the Municipal Elections held in February 2017, 128 corporators were elected to represent the 32 electoral wards (4 corporators per ward).[50] While the position of the mayor is mostly ceremonial, the chief executive of the city is the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government.[51] The JNNURM award for Best Performing neighbourhood, under Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, was given to PCMC, Pune in 2016.[52] The "System of Assisting Residents and Tourist Through Helpline Information" (SARATHI), the grievance portal of the city, has gained national recognition and is a role model for other cities.[53]
The PCMC Police in Pune is the law enforcement agency for the neighbourhood of PCMC, Pune. It was carved out of Pune City Police Department and took charge on 15 August 2018.[57][58] It is a division of the Maharashtra Police and is headed by the Police Commissioner, an officer of the Indian Police Service.
The Pavana dam located 35 km from PCMC, Pune is the sole source of water for the city. The water lifted at the Ravet bund is pumped to the Nigdi filtration plant from where it distributed to the entire city.[59][60][61] As of 2018, Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation Administration provided around 450 million liters per day (MLD) of water to the city. This led to the generation of around 290 MLD of sewage, of which the civic body had capacity to treat only 240 MLD at its 13 sewage treatment plants, a problem that has persisted for years.[62][63] The untreated water is let into the rivers which lead to several health and environmental problems.[64][65][66] Similar problems in the areas of PMC as well as in the suburban areas, the rivers in the PMR are among the most polluted rivers in the state.[67][68][69][70]
Due to the limited expansion options available, the airport will not be able to cope with the growing demand for air traffic into Pune. Hence, a greenfield airport for the Pune metropolitan region has been proposed. The Government of Maharashtra has entrusted the responsibility to Maharashtra Airport Development Company (MADC) for executing the Pune International Airport project.[76] Probable sites for this project had earlier included areas around Talegaon Dabhade and Saswad near Pune. An area between Chakan and Rajgurunagar, around the villages of Chandus and Shiroli was under consideration. However, due to land acquisition issues, a new site has been proposed. The greenfield airport will be located near the villages of Ambodi, Sonori, Kumbharvalan, Ekhatpur-Munjawadi, Khanwadi, Pargaon Memane, Rajewadi, Aamble, Tekwadi, Vanpuri, Udachiwadi, Singapur near Saswad and Jejuri in Purandar taluka of Pune District in the Indian state of Maharashtra.[77]
The proposed airport in Purandar will be spread over 2,400 hectares. This airport will also boost trade from Pune and neighbouring districts as it will have its own dedicated cargo terminal.
It is well connected to neighbouring cities via several highways. It has a 633-km long extensive network of roads connecting its various neighbourhoods. The NH 48 runs throughout the city and serves as the main connecting link for the PCMC and PMC. After the Mumbai–Pune Expressway was opened in 2002, this road came to be known as Old Mumbai–Pune Road. It starts in the suburb of Shivajinagar (earlier Bhamburde) and passes through the suburbs of Khadki cantonment, Bopodi, Dapodi, Kasarwadi, Pimpri, Chinchwad, Nigdi, Dehu Road cantonment, Kivale, Mamurdi, Gahunje, Talegaon Dabhade, and Vadgaon Maval all the way up to Mumbai.The NH 60 originates at Nashik Phata at Kasarwadi is another important road passes through the suburbs of Kasarwadi, Bhosari, Chikhli, Moshi, Chimbali, and Chakan all the way up to Nashik. The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in Khodad is off this road. The Pimpri-Chinchwad link road connects the suburbs of Pimpri and Chinchwad, as one of the alternative roads to Mumbai–Pune Road. The Mumbai Pune Expressway that originates at Kiwale just outside the city, is India's first 6-lane wide concrete, access-controlled tolled expressway.[79] It spans a distance of 94.5 km connecting Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra state and the financial capital of India, with Pune, the cultural and educational capital of Maharashtra.[80] The expressway, which was fully operationalized in 2002, introduced new levels of speed and safety in automobile transportation to Indian roads.[81] It is one of India's busiest roads.[82]
Until 2007, PCMC, Pune served by its own public transport bus service provider, the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Transport, Pune. On 19 October 2007, it was merged with the Pune Municipal Transport, Pune that served it's historic neighbourhood of Pune to form the Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML; lit. Pune Metropolitan Transport Corporation Ltd.).[86][87] PMPML runs buses on 371 routes that cover a radius of 20 km around the city of Pune, India.[88][89] It also runs services on BRT corridors under the brand name Rainbow BRTS. As of May 2018, there are two operating BRT corridors in PCMC limits with a combined length of 22.5 km, while work is underway on three other corridors with a total length 28 km.[90] Although the BRTS project has been deemed a failure in the historic PMC, PCMC claims that the two BRT corridors, Sangvi-Kiwale and Nashik Phata-Wakad, have seen a rise in ridership after they became operation in 2015.[90][91][92] The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation operates buses from its main station at Vallabh Nagar, Pimpri to all major cities and towns in Maharashtra as well as in the neighbouring states. Private companies also run bus services throughout India.[93]
Rapid urbanization has led to the population of the city to double from 2001 to 2017.[111][31] In the same period, the number of vehicles has increased of 700%.[111][112] Like its neighbouring Pune, motorized two-wheelers dominate the streets. At the rate of 663 vehicles per 1000 residents, a total of 1.57 million vehicles are registered in the city in 2018, of which 1.17 million are two-wheelers.[31][112] Public transportation in the city has not been able to keep up with the demand and is infamous for its unreliability leading to a constant upward trend in the number of vehicles.[113][114] Unsurprisingly, the whopping number of vehicles has led to several problems including air pollution, noise pollution and traffic congestion.[115][116][117][118][119]
Chapekar Wada in Chinchwad was the residence of the Chapekar brothers
The PCMC festival is an annual cultural event held in the city. It was started by the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune in 1996 under the name 'Ganesh Festival' as it used to be organized on the occasion of Ganeshotsav. Since 2004, the PCMC stopped organizing the festival and it was kept alive by the PCMC Social Club. Since 2014, the festival is not organized during Ganeshotsav but at another time of the year.[129][130] Pavanāthaḍi Jatrā (Marathi: पवनाथडी जत्रा) is an annual event organized by the Women and Child Welfare Committee of the PCMC. It is a three to five day long exhibition cum sale of goods produced by women's self-help groups in the city and features over 300 stalls.[131][132][133] The city also participates in the Pune International Film Festival with screening of several films at a cinema in the city limits.[134][135]
Durga Tekdi and Bhakti-Shakti are one of main public parks in Pune. The Bhakti Shakti garden hosted the second largest national flag of India at 351 ft. The Boat Club Garden, Thergaon on the bank of Pawana River hosts kids play area, toy train ride, 15 meter high watch tower, boating and rafting.[136] The city also has a zoo named after Nisargakavi Bahinabai Chaudhari in Chinchwad East.[137][138] A lake garden is also located close to the zoo called the Bird Valley because of the water birds like cranes which come migrating here.[139][140] Appu Ghar also known as Indira Gandhi Udyan is an amusement park located in the Pradhikaran area.[141][142]
Pimpri Chinchwad Science Park, Pune is one of the latest tourist attraction and activity based Science Centre of Pune region. The Science Centre houses Galleries on different themes of Science & Technology, Activity area, Inflatable Taramandal and an Auditorium. It also has an open air Science Park spread over 3.5 acres. Most of the exhibits in the science centre and science park are interactive in nature and visitors can explore science in an entertaining way.[143]
Recreation
There are ten public swimming pools run by Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation.[144][145] Chapekar wada in Chinchwadgaon, the residence of the revolutionary Chapekar brothers has been restored and is now a memorial cum museum dedicated to their life and displays swords and weapons used by freedom fighters during the struggle for Indian independence.[146][147]
Ramkrushna More Prekshagruha in Chinchwad, Acharya Atre Rangmandir in Sant Tukaramnagar, Ankushrao Landage Natyagruha in Bhosari, Nilu Phule Rangmandir in Sangvi are the auditoria in the city.[148][149] There is a fort in Punawale that was built by and named after the Peshwa Minister Sardar Borge.[citation needed] There is also a Vaishno Devi Temple in Pimpri.[150]
Shopping and Malls
Pimpri market is one of the shopping street in Pune for clothing, electronics and jewellery. There are several cinema halls as well as shopping malls in the city.
Sports
Cricket
View of Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium at night
PCMC Hockey Stadium also known as The Major Dhyanachand Stadium is a field hockey stadium in the city of Pune, India. It has a seating capacity of 5,000 people. It serves as the home ground of the hockey franchisee based in Pune Strykers, for World Series Hockey. It was built in 1993, was the first polygrass stadium of the district. Women's hockey matches of National Games which was held here in 1993.[152]
CME rowing channel, Dapodi is Asia's second largest rowing channel after China.[154]
Education
PCMC Administration runs 136 public schools, locally called 'Municipality Schools'.[5] According to the PCMC Website, the neighbourhood also has 208 private schools that are run by individuals or educational trusts.[5] Public schools are affiliated to the State Board. Private schools vary in their choice curriculum and may follow the State Board or one of the two central boards of education, the CBSE or CISCE.[155][156]
^Kantak, M. R. (1991–1992). "Urbanization of Pune: How Its Ground Was Prepared". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 51/52: 489–495. JSTOR42930432.
^Krishan, Y. (1999). Gaṇeśa : unravelling an enigma (1st ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 83. ISBN8120814134. OCLC41532519.
^B., Courtright, Paul (1985). Ganeśa : lord of obstacles, lord of beginnings. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 221. ISBN0195035720. OCLC11398513.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ abKadam, Anushri D. (2013). Application of GIS in urban landuse changes in the PCMC (Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation): Ph.D. Thesis submitted to S.N.D.T. Women's University, Mumbai. Pune: Shodhganga: a reservoir of Indian theses. pp. 15–16.
^Iyengar, A., 2013. Self-Perceptions of Heritage Language Shift among Young Sindhis in Pune (Doctoral dissertation, University of New England Armidale, NSW, Australia).
^Kalamdani, K., 1993. "Pimpri Chinchwad". Architecture Plus Design, 10(6), p.65.
^Glushkova, Irina. "6 Object of worship as a free choice." Objects of Worship in South Asian Religions: Forms, Practices and Meanings 13 (2014).
^Maxine Bernsten (1988), The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra, State University of New York Press, ISBN978-0887066627, pages 248-249
^Anna Schultz (2012), Singing a Hindu Nation: Marathi Devotional Performance and Nationalism, Oxford University Press, ISBN978-0199730834, page 26
^Mukhopadhyay, A., 1999. Politics and Bureaucracy in Urban Governance: The Indian Experience. Mathur, India, Pp.110 [1]Archived 13 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine
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