Ahmednagar is a relatively small town and shows less development than the nearby western Maharashtra cities of Mumbai and Pune. Ahmednagar is home to 19 sugar factories and is also the birthplace of the cooperative movement.[citation needed] Due to scarce rainfall, the city often suffers from drought. Marathi is the primary language for daily-life communication. The city administration has recently published a plan of developing the city by year 2031.[9]
Etymology
Ahmednagar took its name from Ahmad Nizam Shah I, who founded the town in 1494[10] on the site of a battlefield where he won a battle against superior Bahamani forces.[11] It was close to the site of the village of Bhingar.[11] With the breakup of the Bahmani Sultanate, Ahmad established a new sultanate in Ahmednagar, also known as Nizam Shahi dynasty.[12]
It was one of the Deccan sultanates, which lasted until its conquest by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in 1636. Aurangzeb, the last Mughal emperor, who spent the latter years of his reign, 1681–1707, in the Deccan, died in Ahmednagar and is buried at Khuldabad, near Aurangabad in 1707, with a small monument marking the site.[citation needed]
In 1759, the Peshwa of the Marathas obtained possession of the place from Nizam of Hyderabad and in 1795 it was ceded by the Peshwa to the Maratha chief Daulat Rao Sindhia. In 1803 Ahmednagar was besieged by a British force under Richard Wellesley and captured.[10] It was afterward restored to the Marathas but again came into the possession of the British in 1817, according to the terms of the Treaty of Poona,[10] and was known as Ahmednuggur.
In 19th century American Christian missionaries opened first modern schools in this town. According to a report there were four girls' school running under the superintendence of Cynthia Farrar around the 1850s. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule visited them and got inspired to open school for girls in Poona. Later, he enrolled his wife Savitribai Phule in Farrar's school in a teacher's training program. Farrar was from America and spent his entire life in Ahmednagar running her schools, these girls' schools were one of the first such kind in the country.[14]
During the First World War, Ahmednagar was the site of a camp for Prisoners of War, mainly for German and Austrian civilian internees and the captured crews of German ships, but also some Turkish soldiers captured in Mesopotamia.
On 31 May 2023, Eknath Shinde (the chief minister of Maharashtra) announced that Ahmednagar would be renamed "Ahilya Nagar", in honour of Ahilyabai Holkar[15] who was Rani of Indore, within the Maratha Confederacy in the late 18th-century. Deputy chief minister Devendra Fadnavis spoke at the same meeting, referring to Shinde's government as "pro-Hindutva", and asked Shinde to rename the district "Ahilyanagar"; Shinde replied: "The state government has accepted your demand to rename Ahmednagar as Ahilyadevi Holkar Nagar".[16] The BJP demanded that Ahmednagar be renamed.[17]Rais Shaikh (group leader of the Samajwadi Party in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly) said that "The Maha Yuti government is implementing the 'Yogi pattern' of creating an illusion of development by changing the names of cities without doing anything for development"[5] and accused the government of "distorting history".[5] On 13 March 2024, the Maharashtra state cabinet announced that they had approved the renaming of Ahmednagar at the same time as they announced the renaming of seven railway stations in Mumbai.[4][17]
Situated in the rain shadow region of the Western Ghats, Ahmednagar has a hot semi-arid climate (KöppenBSh). The climate is hot throughout the year and sweltering during the pre-monsoon months from March to mid-June, whilst monsoon rainfall averages less than a third of that received in Mumbai and about a tenth what is received in Mahabaleshwar on the crest of the mountains.[citation needed]
Climate data for Ahmednagar (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2012)
As of 2011 Indian census,[22] Ahmednagar had a population of 350,859. Ahmednagar has a sex ratio of 961 females per 1000 males and an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national urban average of 79.9%.[23] 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Salabat Khan's tombAhmednagar fort entranceSamadhi of Meher BabaDeep continuous contour trenches (CCT)
Meherabad, the Samadhi of Shri Avatar Meher Baba, is a place of pilgrimage, particularly on the anniversary of his death, Amartithi. His later residence was at Meherazad (near Pimpalgaon village), approximately nine miles north of Ahmednagar.[25]
Shri Munjaba Tample, Ukkadgaon – In Shrigonda Taluka about 60 km from Ahmednagar main city. It has four big statue of Ganapati, Mahadev (Shankar), Vishnu and Hanuman. Thousands of devotees visit this place.
Ahmednagar Fort (Bhuekot Killa) – Built by Ahmed Nizam Shah in 1490, this is one of the best-designed and most impregnable forts in India. As of 2013[update], it is under the control of the military command of India.[26]
Tomb of Salabat Khan II – also called the Chand Bibi Palace,[27] this is a solid three-storey stone structure situated on the crest of a hill 13 km from Ahmednagar city.
Cavalry Tank Museum – The Armoured Corps Centre and School has created a museum with an extensive collection of 20th-century armoured fighting vehicles.[28]
Ralegan Siddhi – a village which is a model for environmental conservation. Social activist Anna Hazare is from Ralegan Siddhi.
Pimpri Gawali – a village in Parner taluka, about 25 km away from Ahmednagar and known for the watershed development and agribusiness activities.
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth is an agricultural university at Rahuri, named after an activist and social reformer of 19th century. It is one of four agricultural universities in the state.[29]
Ahmednagar has 1 airport, the nearest domestic airport at Shirdi at 90 km. While the nearest International Airport is at Pune.
Ahmednagar city has air connectivity by seaplane service. The seaplane port is located at the Mula Dam water reservoir, 30 minutes away from Ahmednagar City. The service has been offered by Maritime Energy Heli Air Services Pvt. Ltd. (MEHAIR) from 22 September 2014. Ongoing flights are available from Juhu, Mumbai to Mula Dam.[citation needed]
Ahmednagar railway station (station code: ANG) belongs to Solapur Division of Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Ahmednagar has rail connectivity with Pune, Manmad, Kopargaon, Shirdi, Daund, Goa, Nasik and other metro-cities like New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Ahmedabad. 41 express trains stop at this station.[citation needed] There is still a demand for direct rail connectivity to other major cities of India.[30]
Ahmednagar station will now be a part of the Pune railway division. 24 stations of the Daund-Ankai section will be merged with Pune railway division. The Daund-Ankai section is currently under the management of the Solapur railway division. The change to the Pune division will increase the chances of starting DEMU services between Ahmednagar and Pune stations.[31]
One of the oldest and important railway projects of Ahmednagar railway station was Kalyan-Ahmednagar railway project which was in planning stage since British regime. It was referred to as 3rd ghat project. The survey of this project was carried out in 1973, 2000, 2006, 2014 etc. This project was in pink book in 2010. Unfortunately, this project could not be completed. The alignment length of this project was 184 km and it could have been shortest route for Marathwada, Andhra and Telangana. The major challenge for this project was proposed 18.96 km tunnel in malshej ghat section.[32]
Malshej Kriti Samiti is following for Kalyan Ahmednagar railway project. Kalyan-Murbad section, the first phase of this project, is already under survey stage.[33]
A survey of Ahmednagar-Aurangabad Railway line with 120 km length was also carried out in March 2021. The DPR Report of this project is under preparation.[34]
Ahmednagar-Karmala railway option is also getting explored. Ahmednagar railway station will become an important railway junction in future to the level similar to Daund railway junction. A Kalyan-Murbad-Ahmednagar line is also possible in future.[35]
Road
Ahmednagar is well connected by road with major cities of Maharashtra and other states. It has four lane road connectivity to:
MSRTC Tarakpur Bus Stand – All buses passing through Ahmednagar stop here.[36]
Maliwada Bus Stand – The buses going to Aurangabad/ Jalgaon/ Akola halt here.[37]
Pune Bus Stand – Buses going to Pune/Mumbai halt here.
Intra-city transport
Autorickshaws, including share autorickshaws
Bus service established by the Municipal Corporation. The main bus routes in the city are:
Maliwada Bus Stand to Nirmalnagar via:
Delhi Gate
Patrakar Chowk
Premdan Chowk
Professor Colony
Pipeline Road
Maliwada Bus Stand to Dr. Vikhe Patil College, Vilad Ghat via:
Delhi Gate
Patrakar Chowk
Premdan Chowk
Savedi Naka
Nagapur MIDC
New Nagapur
Maliwada us stand to Kedgaon via:
Sakkar Chowk
Kinetic Chowk
Railway Flyover
Ambikanagar
Maliwada Bus Stand to Bhingar via:
Market Yard Chowk
Nagar College
GPO Chowk
Ahmednagar Fort
Shukrawar Bazaar
Bhingar Wes
Maliwada Bus Stand to Nimbalak via:
Delhi Gate
Patrakar Chowk
Premdan Chowk
Savedi Naka
Nagapur MIDC
Politics
Ahmednagar Municipal Council was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 2003. As of 2022, Rohini Shendage of Shiv Sena was the incumbent mayor. Ahmednagar city is represented in the central and state legislatures by the Ahmednagar Lok Sabha and Ahmednagar City Vidhan Sabha seats respectively. The sitting MP was Dr.Sujay Vikhe Patil as of 2022, while the sitting MLA was Sangram Jagtap.
^Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 118–119. ISBN978-9-38060-734-4.
^Sohoni, Pushkar (2018). The Architecture of a Deccan Sultanate: Courtly Practice and Royal Authority in Late Medieval India. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN9781784537944.
