Duna–Pogaya languages

Duna–Pogaya
Duna–Bogaia
Geographic
distribution		Hela Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classificationTrans–New Guinea
  • Duna–Pogaya
Subdivisions
Language codes
GlottologNone
Map: The Duna–Pogaya languages of New Guinea
  The Duna–Pogaya languages
  Other Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited

The Duna–Pogaya (Duna–Bogaia) languages are a proposed small family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classification of Voorhoeve (1975), Ross (2005) and Usher (2018), consisting of two languages, Duna and Bogaya, which in turn form a branch of the larger Trans–New Guinea family.[1] Glottolog, which is based largely on Usher, however finds the connections between the two languages to be tenuous, and the connection to TNG unconvincing.[2]

Language contact

Duna has had significant influence on Bogaya due to the socioeconomic dominance of Duna speakers over the less populous, less influential Bogaya speakers.[3] Duna also has much more influence from Huli (a widely spoken Trans-New Guinea language) at 27–32 percent lexical similarity with Huli, while Duna has only 5-10 percent.[3]

Pronouns

Pronouns are:

sg du pl
1 *nó *ge-na *i-nu
2 *gó
3 *kó *ki-nu

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970),[4] Shaw (1973),[5] and Shaw (1986),[6] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[7]

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. ɔwa, hewa for “sun”) or not (e.g. fando, tete for “louse”).

gloss Bogaya Duna
head yeľʌ; yela kuni
hair heepi; yeľʌ eľika hini
ear hona; hɔnʌn kɔhane; konane
eye kina; kiːnʌn le
nose kuuma; pfouľu kuma
tooth yagai; yʌkʌi ne; nee
tongue iki; ɩkin ogone; ɔgɔne
leg yehei; yehʌi tia
louse fando; fiľʌ tete
dog ɔv̧ɔpi; yau yawi
pig ʌpʌn isa
bird aka; pitʌkʌ heka
egg oondi; pitʌkʌ ɔ̃udi hapa
blood sokoya; yesʌ kuyila
bone hakale; hʌv̧ʌľe kuni
skin hugwa; hukuʌn pulu
breast alu; ʌľu abu; adu; amu
tree dowa; tɔuʌ lowa; lɔwa
man ami; ʌmĩ anoa; anɔa
woman ĩmiʌ; imya ima
sun owa; ɔwa hewa
moon kaiyuu; kʌiu eke
water paiyuku; pʌiuku yu
fire dowada; tɔun lɔwa kiliana; lowa puru
stone haana; hʌnʌ kana; kuna
name ʌmĩn; yaga yaka
eat nã; nosii nai-; neyana
one mɔsʌ kɔmʌ; moso du
two efʌn; yeefa yapa

Evolution

Duna reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[3]

  • amu ‘breast’ < *amu
  • konane ‘ear’ < *kand(e,i)k(V]
  • kuni ‘bone’ < *kondaC

References

  1. ^ "NewGuineaWorld". Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bogaya". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ^ a b c Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  4. ^ McElhanon, K.A. and Voorhoeve, C.L. The Trans-New Guinea Phylum: Explorations in deep-level genetic relationships. B-16, vi + 112 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1970. doi:10.15144/PL-B16
  5. ^ Shaw, R.D. "A Tentative Classification of the Languages of the Mt Bosavi Region". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:187-215. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.187
  6. ^ Shaw, R.D. "The Bosavi language family". In Laycock, D., Seiler, W., Bruce, L., Chlenov, M., Shaw, R.D., Holzknecht, S., Scott, G., Nekitel, O., Wurm, S.A., Goldman, L. and Fingleton, J. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 24. A-70:45-76. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1986. doi:10.15144/PL-A70.45
  7. ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.