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1260s in England
Events from the
1260s in
England
.
Incumbents
Monarch
–
Henry III
Events
Simon de Montfort
1260
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
attacks English forces in South
Wales
.
[
1
]
22 August – truce agreed between England and Wales.
[
1
]
1261
Early – following disputes, northern academics from the
University of Cambridge
set up a
University of Northampton
by
royal charter
but it is suppressed by the Crown in 1265.
[
2
]
12 June – King
Henry III of England
obtains a
papal bull
releasing him from the
Provisions of Oxford
, setting the stage for a civil war over the power struggle between the crown and the aristocracy.
[
3
]
July – Henry regains control of the government.
[
1
]
1262
Consecration of a priory church in Oxford, probably the largest of the
Dominican Order
in England.
[
4
]
Canonisation
of
Richard of Chichester
.
1263
January –
Provisions of Westminster
re-issued.
[
1
]
April –
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
, seizes control of southern England after Henry refuses to accept the Provisions of Oxford.
[
1
]
16 July – rebels occupy London.
[
1
]
2 October – Henry travels to
Boulogne
for an attempt to broker peace by King
Louis IX of France
; barons refuse to accept terms.
[
1
]
Presumed date –
Balliol College
established in the
University of Oxford
by
John I de Balliol
on its modern-day site.
[
5
]
1264
23 January – King
Louis IX of France
issues the
Mise of Amiens
, a settlement between King
Henry III of England
and barons led by
Simon de Montfort
heavily favouring the former, which leads to the Second Barons' War.
February –
Second Barons' War
begins as Henry returns to fight Simon de Montfort's rebels.
[
3
]
April –
targeting of Jews during the conflict with the Barons
:
Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford
, leads a massacre of the
Jews
at
Canterbury
;
[
6
]
at about the same time, another of de Montfort's followers, John fitz John, leads a massacre of Jews in London.
[
7
]
17–26 April – Second Barons' War: de Montfort besieges
Rochester Castle
in Kent but fails to take it.
[
8
]
14 May – Second Barons' War: the
Battle of Lewes
is fought between Simon de Montfort and King Henry III in
Sussex
. By the end of the battle, Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his son, Prince
Edward
, and Henry is forced to sign the
Mise of Lewes
making Montfort the "uncrowned king of England".
[
3
]
June – Simon de Montfort summons a parliament in London, the first to include
Knights of the Shire
.
17 June – A fire destroys many of the wooden houses in the city of
Gloucester
.
[
9
]
12 August –
Peace of Canterbury
: papal legate and King
Louis IX of France
condemn the rebels, who are later
excommunicated
.
[
1
]
14 September –
Walter de Merton
formally completes the foundation of the House of Scholars of Merton (later
Merton College, Oxford
) to provide education in
Malden
and the
University of Oxford
.
[
3
]
In the
Peerage of England
, the title
Baron de Ros
, the oldest continuously held peerage title in England, is created by
writ of summons
.
1265
20 January –
Montfort's Parliament
, the first to include
burgesses
, and to insist that members be elected, assembles at Westminster.
[
1
]
28 May – Second Barons' War: Prince Edward escapes from captivity and rejoins royalist forces.
[
1
]
22 June – Simon de Montfort signs a treaty with
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
, recognising his rule over
Wales
.
[
1
]
4 August – Second Barons' War: The
Battle of Evesham
is fought in
Worcestershire
, with the army of Edward defeating the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort and killing Montfort and many of his allies.
[
3
]
16 September – Second Barons' War: Henry
disinherits
all rebels against his rule.
[
1
]
1266
June – Second Barons' War: Henry III besieges the rebels in
Kenilworth Castle
.
[
1
]
July – Second Barons' War:
Liverpool Castle
surrenders to Henry III's son,
Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster
.
[
3
]
31 October – Second Barons' War: The war winds down as supporters of the slain rebel leader Simon de Montfort make an offer of peace to the king in the
Dictum of Kenilworth
.
[
3
]
14 December – Kenilworth surrenders.
[
1
]
1267
9 April – Second Barons' War:
Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford
occupies London.
[
1
]
June – Second Barons' War: Prince Edward captures the
Isle of Ely
, and the remaining rebels surrender.
[
1
]
Summer – Second Barons' War: rebels and King Henry III agree to peace terms as laid out in the Dictum of Kenilworth.
29 September –
Treaty of Montgomery
: King Henry III acknowledges
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
's title of
Prince of Wales
.
[
1
]
19 November – the
Statute of Marlborough
is passed, confirming
Magna Carta
and the Provisions of Westminster. It is the oldest English law still (partially) in force.
[
10
]
Roger Bacon
completes his work
Opus Majus
and sends it to
Pope Clement IV
, who had requested it be written; the work contains wide-ranging discussion of
mathematics
,
optics
,
alchemy
,
astronomy
,
astrology
and other topics, and includes what some believe to be the first description of a
magnifying glass
. Bacon also completes
Opus Minus
, a summary of
Opus Majus
, later in the same year.
Howden Minster
in Yorkshire becomes a
collegiate church
.
1268
The first
Year Books
(annual
law reports
) appear.
Approximate date –
Henry de Bracton
dies leaving the first substantial work on English law,
De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae
, incomplete.
[
1
]
1269
13 October – dedication of the newly rebuilt
Westminster Abbey
.
[
1
]
Births
1260
Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham
(died
1339
)
1261
1 February –
Walter de Stapledon
, bishop (died
1326
)
1262
Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester
(died
1326
)
1267
3 February –
Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel
(died
1302
)
Deaths
1260
c. 8 September –
John Crakehall
, Lord High Treasurer of England and Archdeacon of Bedford (year of birth unknown)
5 December –
Aymer de Valence
,
Bishop of Winchester
(born c. 1222)
1262
15 July –
Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford
, soldier (born
1222
)
1263
Hamo de Crevecoeur
, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (year of birth unknown)
1265
20 January –
John Maunsell
,
Lord Chancellor
(born
1190s
)
25 April –
Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester
, politician (born
1195
)
4 August – killed in the Battle of Evesham:
Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer
(born
1223
)
Henry de Montfort
(born
1238
)
Peter de Montfort
(born c.
1215
)
Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
(born
1208
)
1266
Hugh Bigod
, Justiciar (born c.
1211
)
1267
John FitzAlan, 6th Earl of Arundel
(born
1223
)
1268
Henry de Bracton
, jurist (year of birth unknown)
References
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
Palmer, Alan & Veronica (1992).
The Chronology of British History
. London: Century Ltd. pp. 86–88.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2
.
^
Lawrence, C. H. (1984). "The University in State and Church". In Aston, T. H.; Catto, J. I. (eds.).
The History of the University of Oxford
. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
144–146
.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8
.
^
Graham, Malcolm (2019).
On Foot from Carfax to Turn Again
. Oxford Heritage Walks, 5. Oxford Preservation Trust. p. 49.
ISBN
978-0-9576797-6-4
.
^
"Balliol College: History"
. Archived from
the original
on 2007-10-09
. Retrieved
2007-12-04
.
^
Huscroft, Richard (2006).
Expulsion: England's Jewish Solution
. Stroud: Tempus. p. 105.
ISBN
9780752437293
.
^
Fogle, Lauren (2019).
The King's Converts
. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. p. 40.
ISBN
9781498589215
.
^
Cartwright, Mark.
"Rochester Castle"
.
World History Encyclopedia
. Retrieved
2021-05-07
.
^
Walford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great".
The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance
. C. and E. Layton. p. 27.
^
Text of the Statute of Marlborough 1267, cc 1, 4, 15 (the Distress Act)
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
legislation.gov.uk
. retrieved 4 December 2007.
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