Events from the year 1664 in England.

• Monarch – Charles II

• 12 March – Province of New Jersey becomes an English colony in North America.
• 5 April – Passing of the Triennial Parliaments Act.^[1]
• May – Parliament passes the Conventicle Act preventing groups of more than five non-followers of the Church of England from assembling^[1] (comes into effect 1 July). Jews will be excluded from its operation.^[2]
• 18 August – England annexes the New Netherland colony in North America, renaming it the Province of New York (after James, Duke of York).^[1]
• 27 September – Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrenders New Amsterdam to an English naval squadron commanded by Colonel Richard Nicolls.^[3]
• 28 October – The "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of foot" is formed in London, origin of the Royal Marines.

• Robert Holmes's second African expedition to the Guinea coast captures Dutch forts and ships.
• Construction begins of the Sheldonian Theatre for university ceremonial in Oxford as designed by Christopher Wren.^[1]
• Francis Child enters the London goldsmith's business which, as the private banking house of Child & Co., will continue into the 21st century.^[4]

• 24 January (bapt.) – John Vanbrugh, playwright and architect (died 1726)
• 28 February – Thomas Newcomen, inventor (died 1729)
• 3 July – James Stanley, 10th Earl of Derby, politician (died 1736)
• 21 July – Matthew Prior, poet and diplomat (died 1721)
• 3 September – Richard Newport, 2nd Earl of Bradford, peer and politician (died 1723)
• 5 September – Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, née Fitzroy, illegitimate daughter of Charles II (died 1718)
• 18 October – George Compton, 4th Earl of Northampton, (died 1727)
• 9 November – Henry Wharton, writer (died 1695)
• probable – William Mountfort, actor (died 1692)
• possible – Daniel Purcell, composer (died 1717)

• 20 January – Isaac Ambrose, diarist (born 1604)
• February – John Hoskins, painter (year of birth unknown)
• 28 March – Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of York (born 1588)
• 31 March – Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby, Royalist (born 1599)
• c. April – John Goodyer, botanist (born 1592)
• 7 May – John Tufton, 2nd Earl of Thanet, noble (born 1608)
• 22 June – Katherine Philips, poet (born 1631)
• August – John Lisle, Regicide of Charles I (born 1610)
• 11 September – John Hutchinson, Roundhead colonel (born 1615)
• 8 October – John Boys, Royalist (born 1607)
• Sir Henry Brooke, 1st Baronet, Parliamentary supporter in the English Civil War (year of birth unknown)
• Richard Overton, Leveller pamphleteer (born 1599)