斑節對蝦

斑節對蝦
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门： 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
纲： 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目： 十足目 Decapoda
亚目： 枝鰓亞目 Dendrobranchiata
科： 對蝦科 Penaeidae
属： 对虾属 Penaeus
种：
斑節對蝦 P. monodon
二名法
Penaeus monodon
Fabricius, 1798
異名 [1]
  • Penaeus carinatus Dana, 1852
  • Penaeus tahitensis Heller, 1862
  • Penaeus coeruleus Stebbing, 1905
  • Penaeus bubulus Kubo, 1949

斑节对虾[2][3]（学名：Penaeus monodon），也叫桂虾[4]、草虾[3]，是對蝦屬下的一種蝦，是对虾科中的最大的一個种，最大体长可达33厘米。

分佈

斑节对虾

斑节对虾分佈于印度洋-太平洋海域，東至日本海、西至非洲西海岸和阿拉伯半島、南至澳大利亞。[5]

斑节对虾棲息在淺水區的沙質底部，也適應汽水 (水域)和淡水區域。 牠們是雜食性的，吃藻類，貝類和多毛類。

在墨西哥灣這是一種入侵物種。[6][7]

描述

雌性個體最長可達33厘米（13英寸），不過一般只有25—30厘米（9.8—11.8英寸）長，重200—320克（7.1—11.3盎司），雄性個體較小，長達20—25厘米（7.9—9.8英寸），重100—170克（3.5—6.0盎司）。[8]

消費

斑节对虾是一種十分常見的養殖蝦。[8] 對於疾病的抵抗能力較優於其它蝦，在运输中不易死亡。其壳較厚，可食用的部分比例和东方对虾相較之下較少。

部分產地的個體體型較大，被業者冠以「海虎蝦」、「海熊蝦」、「肥豬蝦」等稱號。

可持續性消費

2010年，綠色和平將斑节对虾列入海產品紅色名單。[9] 原因是斑节对虾的養殖摧毀了數個國家的紅樹林，并有過度捕撈的趨向。[9]

分類學

Penaeus monodon由約翰·克里斯蒂安·法布里丘斯在1798年首次描述，這一名稱長期為人所忽視。直到1949年，Lipke Holthuis[10] 才將其確定為對蝦屬的模式種。.[10]

參考資料

  1. ^ Species Fact Sheets: Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798). FAO Species Identification and Data Programme (SIDP). FAO. [January 10, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2005-01-03）. 
  2. ^ 斑节对虾. 中国水产科学研究院对虾养殖生产管理信息网. [2023-09-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-07）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 斑节对虾. 台湾鱼类资料库. 
  4. ^ 周发林, 斑节对虾“南海1号”在珠海地区繁育、养殖关键技术研究及推广应用. 广东省,珠海市现代农业发展中心,2021-06-11.
  5. ^ L. B. Holthuis. Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon. Shrimps and Prawns of the World. An Annotated Catalogue of Species of Interest to Fisheries. FAO Species Catalogue 1. Food and Agriculture Organization. 1980: 50 [2013-04-25]. ISBN 92-5-100896-5. （原始内容存档于2013-04-30）. 
  6. ^ Giant shrimp raises big concern as it invades the Gulf. Houston Chronicle. [December 28, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-10）. 
  7. ^ Giant cannibal shrimp more than a FOOT long invade waters off Gulf Coast. The Daily Mail. 2012-04-26 [2012-04-26]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1798). Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Food and Agriculture Organization. [June 6, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-14）. 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Greenpeace International Seafood Red list. Greenpeace. [February 16, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-02）. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 L. B. Holthuis. The identity of Penaeus monodon Fabr. (PDF). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akadademie van Wetenschappen (荷蘭皇家科學院). 1949, 52 (9): 1051–1057 [2013-04-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-04-18）. 

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