眼斑龍蝦

眼斑龍蝦
保护状况
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数据缺乏（IUCN 3.1）[1]
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门： 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
纲： 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目： 十足目 Decapoda
亚目： 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
科： 龙虾科 Palinuridae
属： 龙虾属 Panulirus
种：
眼斑龍蝦 P. argus
二名法
Panulirus argus
Latreille, 1804
異名
  • Palinurus argus
  • Palinurus ricordi
  • Palinurus americanus

眼斑龍蝦（學名：Panulirus argus）是棲息在西大西洋的礁堡及紅樹林的一種龍蝦。

特徵

眼斑龍蝦的身體呈長圓柱狀，表面覆蓋著棘刺。其眼柄后方的兩條棘刺（所有龙虾都有这对棘刺）比其他种类的龙虾要大得多，并且明显向前弯曲，如同一對角，眼柄则在“角”下向两侧伸出。它們一般呈橄欖綠色或褐色，也有黃褐色至红褐色。甲殼上散佈了黃色至奶白色斑點，腹部的斑點較大。它們沒有爪。第一對觸角幼長，呈黑色或深褐色，且是二支的。第二對觸角比身體還要長，覆蓋著向前的棘刺，底部較厚，有時有藍色點綴。腳上有藍色及黃色的橫紋。腹部體節光滑，中間有淺溝。每一對游泳足及尾葉都是黃色及黑色的。

“眼斑”一次来源于其拉丁学名“阿耳戈斯”，但实际上几乎所有龙虾均有类似的眼斑。

眼斑龍蝦一般長20厘米，最長可達60厘米，在其分佈地受到漁獵。[2]

生物學

雌性眼斑龍蝦會在體外帶著卵並將之孵化。幼體出生時的體型很微少及可以自由游泳。經過幾次脫殼後，它們會走到海床及棲息在礁堡的洞穴或石縫間或紅樹林樹根之間。它們會脫殼來讓身體長大，新的外骨骼初時是柔軟的，及後會硬化。於此時，它們很易被掠食，故會先躲起來直至外骨骼完全堅硬。它們會吃碎屑、植物、動物及魚類屍體等。

眼斑龍蝦是夜間活動的，日間會躲起來。它們天敵有八爪魚、鉸口鯊、鱗魨科、蠵龜、港海豹、寬吻海豚屬及魟科，而最大的掠食者則為人類。雖然它們一般會留在遮蔽處，但數量多達數百隻以上時，就會在海床排列及游行。這種遷徙的目的不明，由於一般會在冬天時進行，估計是受到水溫下降的影響。

棲息地

眼斑龍蝦分佈在由巴西至北卡羅來納州水深達90米的地方，並包括整個墨西哥灣及加勒比海、巴哈馬及南美洲東部，亦有指在西非也見到它們的蹤影。[2]雖然它們分佈在整個墨西哥灣，但在北方的一般只棲息在水深33米的地方，可能是受到季節性水溫變化的影響。在佛羅里達半島南部及整個巴哈馬和加勒比海，它們都是棲息在淺水區。它們一般喜歡有一些遮蔽處的地方，如珊瑚礁、人工魚礁、多孔動物門、橋墩、木橋防撞墊、碼頭及紅樹林的根部。

食用

眼斑龍蝦是著名的海鮮食物。[2]在巴哈馬是出口最多的食物，在商業價值足可比美佛羅里達礁島群的捕蝦業。

漁業

在佛罗里达州，捕捉眼斑龍蝦的季節是於8月初至翌年1月末。在捕捉季節開始前有幾日可供休閒垂釣。

參考

  1. ^ M. Butler; A. Cockcroft; A. MacDiarmid; R. Wahle. Panulirus argus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011, 2011: e.T169976A6697254. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T169976A6697254.en 可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lipke B. Holthuis. Panulirus argus. FAO Species Catalogue, Volume 13. Marine Lobsters of the World. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125. Food and Agriculture Organization. 1991 [2010-06-04]. ISBN 92-5-103027-8. （原始内容存档于2011-06-07）. 

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