徐顯卿(1537年—1602年),字公望,號檢庵,直隸蘇州府長洲縣人。明朝翰林、政治人物。隆慶二年中進士,選庶吉士,在翰林院、詹事府任職多年,曾主持經筵,參修世宗、穆宗《實錄》及《大明會典》等重要典籍。歷官國子監祭酒、詹事府詹事,陞翰林院侍讀學士,掌院事。萬曆十五年補禮部右侍郎,次年轉吏部右侍郎,因遭言官攻訐,上疏請求致仕,返回江南,在常州府宜興縣終老。
徐顯卿平生所任官職,多為清華之選,其詩文亦別具一格,有《天遠樓集》傳世。徐顯卿晚年,曾延請太倉余壬、歙縣吳鉞兩位畫師描繪一生際遇,並逐幅親題詠記,作成《徐顯卿宦跡圖》,流轉至今,現藏北京故宮博物院。
明世宗嘉靖十六年(1537年),徐顯卿生於直隸蘇州府長洲縣,少年喪母[1]。嘉靖三十三年(1554年)進學。嘉靖四十年(1561年),為學院案首,深得蘇州府知府王道行、同知徐節賞識。閏五月,在準備辛酉科應天鄉試之時,其父徐騏暴卒。徐顯卿回家治喪,王道行、徐節二人都來弔唁。王道行惋惜徐顯卿因守孝錯過本科鄉試,破例為其父撰寫祭文,並延請其教授自家幼子[2]。
穆宗隆慶元年(1567年),徐顯卿參加丁卯科應天府鄉試中舉。隆慶二年(1568年),徐顯卿赴京師會試聯捷,殿試位列二甲第十六名,賜進士出身[3]。
同年六月,徐顯卿獲館選第一,為翰林院庶吉士,殷士儋、趙貞吉任教習[4]。隆慶四年(1570年)三月,授翰林院編修[5]。五月,任纂修官,參修《世宗實錄》[6]。
神宗萬曆元年(1573年)正月,張居正請開經筵,徐顯卿任展書官[7]。萬曆三年(1575年)三月,張居正題請以日講官丁士美等六人輪流赴館修起居注,以修撰王家屏、徐顯卿、張位、于慎行、沈懋孝,編修沈一貫編纂奏章[8]。萬曆四年(1576年)六月,張居正又提請徐顯卿充纂修官,參纂《大明會典》[9]。萬曆五年(1577年)八月,徐顯卿以修實錄之功升任侍讀[10]。
徐顯卿自少即患㿗疝,萬曆七年(1579年)春,病情惡化。四月,朝廷遣永康侯徐喬松、右通政朱南雍為正使,光祿寺丞周弘祖和時任侍讀的徐顯卿為副使,持節冊封荊府世子朱常泴為荊王,封封丘王妃陳氏等為妃[11]。徐顯卿帶病前往武昌,事畢告假,順長江而下,八月,抵達宜興縣,避居芙蓉山養病[12]。次年,嫁長女予崑山朱氏。萬曆十年(1582年)底,沿陸路北上,冒雪還朝[13]。十二月,補翰林院侍讀[14]。
萬曆十二年(1584年)二月,詹事府坊局掌印官空缺,徐顯卿升任左春坊左諭德兼翰林院侍讀,掌管本坊印信[15]。十一月,升任國子監祭酒[16]。萬曆十三年(1585年)二月,充任經筵講官[17]。四月十六日,神宗布袍步行前往天壇禱雨,百官遂從,顯卿以祭酒導駕前驅[18]。十月,改任詹事府少詹事,充日講官[19]。萬曆十四年(1586年)五月,充《大明會典》纂修官[20]。六月,升任詹事府詹事兼翰林院侍讀學士,并掌院事[21]。
萬曆十五年(1587年)二月,《大明會典》終於編纂完成,負責官員張位、于慎行、徐顯卿等各升俸一級,并得以封贈家人[22]。
萬曆十五年年底,禮部右侍郎于慎行轉任左侍郎,徐顯卿補其缺[23]。
萬曆十六年(1588年)八月,朝鮮陪臣韓准到京進賀表,朝廷按例賜宴,徐顯卿奉命陪同[24][25]。九月,神宗親自查驗陵寢建設,見工程次第開展,徐顯卿因功加級得賞[26]。十月,徐顯卿轉任吏部右侍郎[27][28]。
萬曆十七年(1589年)二月,南京雲南道御史方萬策、江西道御史林可成等人,交章彈劾徐顯卿[29],稱其排擠張位、沈一貫、李長春、韓世能等人,又指責其勾結富商,諂媚太監,行為不端,收受賄賂。朝廷命下吏部調查[30]。徐顯卿上疏抗辯不成[31],遂連上三疏請求致仕,獲准[32]。
徐顯卿因其弟徐顯宰死于非命,舉家徙居宜興縣。曾創建義倉,並帶頭捐金五百[33]。萬曆三十年(1602年)十月,卒於家。萬曆四十七年(1619年),禮部上奏,稱徐顯卿「纂述功多,啟沃勞久,偶以坦衷招議,旋亦日久論明,遡厥勤勞」,朝廷終於為其平反,按例賜祭葬[34]。
隆慶二年(1568年),徐顯卿赴京應會試,客居惠河寺,老僧號了庵,對徐顯卿透露,師徒前日同做一奇夢,見佛殿後小佛堂東西各一間,忽變為池,有鯉魚躍出,隨即天色轉暗,雷電交加,池水波濤洶湧,一大魚從中直飛上天,於是驚醒。巧合的是,徐顯卿住在西面一間,東面則為山東張清濱。結果兩人當年考中同榜進士,而寺中其餘寓居兩廊者共十六人,全部落榜。鯉魚飛躍爲科舉吉兆,徐顯卿由此認為,自己高中進士已有冥冥運數[35]。
隆慶六年(1572年),時任翰林院編修的徐顯卿請假歸里。二月十一日,徐顯卿攜僕人乘船為友人弔喪。雖為冬日,然天氣炎熱。午後,小船經過胥門、盤門之間,忽然黑雲漫天,颶風襲來,雷電大作,溺水者數百人。徐顯卿所乘小船順流東下,在即將沒入前方大河的危難之間,為巨大糧船阻擋。船工將主僕救起,而小船隨即漂遠沉沒[36]。
徐顯卿從少年時代,即患有痼疾「㿗疝」,萬曆七年(1579年)病情惡化,在冊封荊王後請長假回鄉調養。萬曆九年(1581年),結識醫生陳汝濱,於是避居宜興芙蓉山中治療,仍不見起色。六月,外用藥膏,膿腫未破,導致睪丸脹大,痛苦不堪。顯卿飲食不下,生死之間,夢見自己赤身裸體,處於孔子陵寢殿前。殿中兩個婦人餵其吃下葫蘆、茄子,馨香可口,於是驚醒。次日,患處破潰,濃水淋漓流出,病情大為好轉[37]。然而,此次左疝破潰,右疝仍堅硬不動。次年,朝廷公文寄到,催促其返京。顯卿只得匆匆北上[38]。萬曆十三年(1585年),顯卿任國子監祭酒,按例免於朝參,於是全力治療右疝。醫生用藥,顯卿病灶雖然破潰,但污水不出,渾身發冷,夢見靈魂出竅復還,夢醒後周身輕快。又經過月餘,重回太學辦公[39]。
徐顯卿同鄉魏學禮,以拔貢任鎮江府學訓導,經巡按御史邢侗推薦於朝廷,遷國子監學正,陞廣平府同知。魏學禮為官清正,得罪高官被劾罷職。其蘇州故居已經變賣,無處棲身,故而依附徐顯卿,僑居宜興[40]。
徐顯卿死後,嗣子徐元淓將宜興房產賣與其父門生陳一教。然而陳一教買房後,竟把房中供奉之徐顯卿遺像,棄置大街,引發強烈不滿[41]。
徐顯卿家族世居长洲县带城桥南。从高祖父开始,以组织罗绮缣纻为业,逐渐发迹。曾祖徐景春以吳越國廣陵王錢元璙之遗圃南园为别墅。然其祖父徐廷蘭好酒,晚年家道中落。显卿父徐骐,字德纯,稍习举业,入赘亦“以织纴为业”的东卫营林家,家境好转,遂命长子继承家业,而親身教授其他诸子读书,对显卿最为严格。显卿之母林氏也日夜督促,後來諸子皆有成,其母居功至伟[42]。嘉靖二十七年(1548年),林氏辞世,显卿年方十二。嘉靖四十年(1561年),徐骐暴卒,顯卿因守孝錯過當年鄉試[2]。
萬曆十五年(1587年)二月,《大明會典》完成,徐顯卿任副總裁官,家人得到封贈,祖父徐廷蘭、父徐騏俱贈通議大夫、詹事府詹事兼翰林院侍讀學士,祖母和母親俱贈太淑人[43]。
徐顯卿工詩文,《宜興縣志》贊為「自出機軸,典雅超雋」。有《天远楼集》27卷[33][44]。
萬曆十六年(1588年),徐顯卿延請太倉余壬、歙縣吳鉞兩位畫師,描繪其一生際遇,並親自逐張題寫詠記,作成《徐顯卿宦跡圖》。圖冊現存26開,絹本,設色,每開縱62厘米,橫58.5厘米,對開則分別為徐顯卿題寫的紀遇詩和詩序,圖後還有民國十四年(1925年)陶鎔題記一則[45]。
《徐顯卿宦跡圖》流轉內府多年。民國之初,曾為日本駐天津總領事吉田茂收購。為避免畫作流失海外,陶鎔委託寶晉齋主人以重金購回。後入藏北京故宮博物院。另外,紀遇詩與各開圖繪一一對應,然而,徐顯卿《天遠樓集》共收錄紀遇詩30首,完整記錄了徐顯卿的生平事跡,因此圖冊原本可能共計30開,如今後4開已下落不明[45]。
《徐顯卿宦跡圖》筆觸細膩,意境宏博,對研究明代朝會、經筵、科考、冠服等都有重要的價值[45][46][47]。
Massimo Oddo Oddo ketika bermain untuk Milan.Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Massimo OddoTanggal lahir 14 Juni 1976 (umur 47)Tempat lahir Città Sant'Angelo, ItalyTinggi 182 m (597 ft)Posisi bermain Bek kananKarier junior1992–1993 Renato Curi Angolana1993–1995 MilanKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1992–1993 Renato Curi Angolana 3 (0)1993–1999 Milan 0 (0)1995–1996 → Fiorenzuola (pinjaman) 19 (0)1996 → Monza (pinjaman) 4 (0)1996–1997 → Prato (pinjaman) 16 (0)1997
Libido sciendi é uma expressão latina que significa desejo por conhecimento ou desejo de conhecer. História O desejo de conhecer humano vem de longa data, e foi alavancado com a origem na Grécia da filosofia, por meio da qual os filósofos tentaram explicar as coisas sem mitos, apesar de essa época da filosofia ser vista contemporaneamente como uma racionalização do mito.[1][2][3] Essa fase de racionalização do mito demonstrou ter a sua utilidade para a evolução do conhecimento humano…
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本列表列出中华人民共和国天津市境内的博物馆。 在天津市文物局登记注册的博物馆有: 博物馆名称 类型 地址 级别 图片 备注 天津博物馆 文物 河西区平江道62号 一级 天津美术馆 文物 河西区平江道60号 无级别 李叔同故居纪念馆 文物 河北区海河东路与滨海道交口 无级别 周恩来邓颖超纪念馆 文物 南开区水上公园西路9号 一级 平津战役纪念馆 文物 红桥区平津道8号 二级 天…
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List of EastEnders characters introduced in 2019 EastEnders logo The following is a list of characters introduced to the BBC soap opera EastEnders in 2019, by order of first appearance. The characters are initially introduced by the show's executive consultant, John Yorke, or his successors, senior executive producer, Kate Oates, or executive producer, Jon Sen. The first character to be introduced is Bailey Baker (Kara-Leah Fernandes), the daughter of Mitch Baker (Roger Griffiths). She is follow…
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