王家屏 (1536年—1603年),字忠伯,號對南,山西大同府應州山陰縣古城人[1],明朝官員,萬曆年間官至禮部尚書兼東閣大學士。諡文端。
王家屏生於嘉靖十五年(1536年)丙申。隆慶二年(1568年)的廷試高中二甲第二名,選翰林院庶吉士,授編修,預修《世宗實錄》。权臣高拱之兄高捷时任江都御史,贪赃枉法,民怨沸騰,王家屏不顾老友劝阻,直陳其事。明神宗万历元年(1573年),王家屏担任修撰,充日講官,升侍講學士。神宗以其博学多才和端庄气质,譽之為“端人”。
王家屏为人正直,还表现在对宰臣张居正的态度上。张居正从万历元年(1573年)到十年(1582年),一直担任首辅,深得神宗器重,权倾朝野。谁要想得到高官,必先得居正垂青。就是这样一位显赫人物,王家屏也能秉公相待。张居正生病时,朝内大臣都去看望,有的还到寺院祈祷,奉迎至极,唯独王家屏未去。万历十年(1582年)张居正去世后,群臣对他一反常态,倒张的浪潮甚嚣尘上,神宗也撤销了他生前的太师头衔,籍没其家产,而王家屏又能够秉公直言,给予张居正公正的评价。
万历十二年(1584年),王家屏升任礼部右侍郎,一個月後,升吏部左侍郎兼东閣大学士,入阁辅理朝政,每議事,秉正持法,不亢不隨。萬曆十七年時,評事雒於仁進四箴諫神宗,神宗大怒并預備把他重重問罪,王家屏上書進言:「人主出入起居之節,耳目心志之娛,庶官不及知、不敢諫者,輔弼之臣得先知而預諫之,故能防欲於微渺。今於仁以庶僚上言,而臣備位密勿,反緘默茍容,上虧聖明之譽,下陷庶僚蒙不測之威,臣罪大矣,尚可一日立於聖世哉!」神宗聽聞後很不高興,但還是把雒於仁的上書留中不發,從輕發落,雒於仁故而得以善去。
万历十九年(1591年)秋,出任内阁首辅,但后因立儲之事與萬曆帝鬧翻。王家屏执阁六月,时间虽短,但给朝野留下了深刻的印象,他不贪权武断,“推诚秉公,百司事一无所扰”,又“性忠讜,好直諫”,故而頗得朝野讚譽[2]。万历二十年(1592年)三月,給事中李獻上疏言國本事,被震怒的神宗罷黜,王家屏不惜封還御批力諫而被責罵,後其為群臣求請的上疏中「若徒犯顏觸忌,抗爭僨事,被譴罷歸,何名之有!」「更使臣棄名不顧,逢迎為悅,阿諛取容,許敬宗、李林甫之姦佞,無不可為,九廟神靈必陰殛臣,豈特得罪於李獻可諸臣已哉!」「言涉至親,不宜有怒。事關典禮,不宜有怒。臣與諸臣但知為宗社大計,盡言效忠而已,豈意激皇上之怒哉?」等言論屢屢激怒神宗,最終以礼部尚书兼东阁大学士致仕归里。万历三十一年(1603年)卒,葬於山陰縣河陽堡桑乾河畔。
有《王文端公集》14卷、《復宿山房文集》40卷。
曾祖王縉,知縣;祖王朝用,冠帶歲貢生;父王憲武(1509年-1565年),字克定,號石溪,貢士;母韓氏;繼母梁氏;繼母景氏。慈侍下。兄王家瑄,弟王家翰;王家璧;王家璽;王家楫。
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