铁列克提

45°35′00″N 82°17′00″E / 45.58333°N 82.28333°E / 45.58333; 82.28333 铁列克提哈薩克語تەرەكتى / Теректi羅馬化:Terekty, 俄语:Теректы)是中国新疆塔城地区裕民县的一个地区。裕民县地处塔城盆地西南边缘,西与哈萨克斯坦扎拉纳什科利湖交界,东北与塔城市额敏县相邻。

铁列克提事件

铁列克提
冷战中苏边境冲突的一部分
日期1969年8月13日
地点
结果 苏联获胜,控制争议地区。1999年该地区划归中国
参战方
 中华人民共和国  苏联
指挥官与领导者
中华人民共和国 龙书金
中华人民共和国 范进忠
中华人民共和国 裴映章
苏联 弗拉基米尔·维克托罗维奇·普奇科夫
兵力
100人 300人
伤亡与损失
伤亡68人以上[1][2]
68人阵亡,1人被俘
伤亡12人
2人阵亡,10人受伤

铁列克提事件,苏方称扎拉纳什科利湖边境冲突(俄语:Пограничный конфликт у озера Жаланашколь),是1969年8月13日在扎拉纳什科利湖/铁列克提河附近发生的中苏边境冲突。

背景

1960年代,中苏交恶。在1969年3月珍宝岛事件中,苏军中国人民解放军沈阳军区司令陈锡联预先部署的部队伏击遭受损失后,雙方关系急剧恶化,迅速在边境集结了上百万的军队。在铁列克提,雙方有一个几十公里宽的争议地带。1969年,双方都在争议地带上修建了军事设施。在随后的6月10日新疆塔城地区的巴尔鲁克山附近,以及同年7月8日黑龙江八岔岛附近,雙方军队以及民间爆发了系列冲突,苏联方面损失略大。苏联政府寻找机会实施反击行动,最终选择了铁列克提地区。

事件经过

1969年8月11日,中国人民解放军发信号邀请苏联方面军事长官会谈,苏军並未参加。

8月13日上午8时,中國边防人员三支巡逻队共90人左右按照开始巡逻。此次巡逻也一反常态,人数是正常情况下的三倍,且事先向省军区、中央军委外交部作了汇报并做了应对准备,還携带了刚研发的不明型号枪榴弹,随队的还有多名记者。

中方声称,在巡逻途中,苏军出动直升机掩护坦克装甲部队,在炮火支援下袭击在铁列克提地区包围了中国巡逻队的其中一支。苏方聲称未出动坦克,只出动四辆BTR-60PB装甲运输车。中国边防人员与300余名苏军作战[3],依仗地形戰鬥五个多小时。

由于缺乏重武器,695.5无名高地主陣地被围的28名边防兵(包括三名随军记者)全部阵亡。主阵地被俘五人中的四人後來死亡,包括排长高春林、新华社记者王一兵、副站长裴映章、排长李国贞。列兵袁国孝经外交交涉在9月22日被送回中国。支援部队也有若干阵亡和负伤,包括民兵。

后续

1969年9月12日,中華人民共和國国务院总理周恩来首都机场会见了从越南河内参加越南劳动党主席胡志明葬礼后回国途经北京的苏联部长会议主席柯西金。会议期间周恩来谈及铁列克提事件,称:“(铁列克提)这个地区即使按照你们的地图线也进入了中国境内。你们用坦克包围了我们的巡逻队,把我们巡逻队20多个人打死了,还抓走了2个。在东北也抓了我们1个人。你们按照战俘来对待他们,我们之间没有宣战,怎么能按照战俘来对待呢?你们走得太远了。”[4]

事后苏联方面表彰参战人员。共授予列宁勋章1枚,红旗勋章5枚,红星勋章6枚,3等光荣勋章2枚,勇敢奖章10枚,战功奖章11枚。中方在后续调查中,认定在几天前苏军就有异动,而塔城军分区没有准备。1971年中国共产党中央委员会副主席林彪死后,林彪从前的部下,新疆军区司令员龙书金被认为要担负主要责任,调离新疆。

1994年4月26日,中華人民共和國国务院总理李鹏在访问哈萨克斯坦首都阿拉木图期间与哈萨克斯坦总统签署了《中哈国界协定》。1997年9月24日,李鹏在访问阿拉木图期间与哈萨克斯坦总统签署了第一个《中哈国界补充协定》。1998年7月4日,中華人民共和國主席江泽民在出席在阿拉木图展开的“上海五国”第三次元首会议期间,与哈萨克斯坦总统纳扎尔巴耶夫签署了第二个《中哈国界补充协定》。1999年11月下旬,纳扎尔巴耶夫访问北京,两国领导人签署了《中哈关于两国边界问题获得全面解决的联合公报》。铁列克提地区的主权问题得到解决,当年冲突地带已明确划归中国。2008年8月13日,中国人民解放军新疆军区将当年的主阵地无名高地命名为“忠勇山”,并立“忠勇山烈士纪念碑”,以示纪念。[3]

参考文献

  1. ^ 在中苏边界对峙的日子里页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
    “1、“数了埋在那里的79座坟墓”。正规出版物及网络流传的813烈士68人、50多人、38人、35人、34人,包括我本文说的1981年时的79人,不知是不是均把柳园墓地(即现在的托里烈士陵园)的坟头数当成了813牺牲的人数。其实还有很多其他的人埋在里面。以前的坟地,许多木牌朽无,余剩的不多,且记文简单,是造成错解的原因。托里陵园九十年代作爱国主义教育基地后才逐渐正规,原来的坟墓陆续迁出不少,目前托里烈士陵园的45座墓仅有25座是813烈士墓;另外塔城烈士陵园有3座是813烈士墓。”
  2. ^ 纪念铁列克提战斗40周年聚会活动联系启事. [2009-08-10]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-29). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 铁列克提:青山埋忠骨,英名万古长. 腾讯网. 2018-01-14 [2020-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-05). 
  4. ^ 周恩来与柯西金机场会谈实录. 中共中央党史和文献研究院. 2017-01-04 [2020-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-05). 

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