鋨的同位素

主要的鋨同位素
同位素 衰變
丰度 半衰期 (t1/2) 方式 能量
MeV
產物
184Os 0.02% 1.12×1013 [1] α 2.958 180W
186Os 1.59% 2.0×1015  α 2.822 182W
187Os 1.96% 穩定,帶111粒中子
188Os 13.24% 穩定,帶112粒中子
189Os 16.15% 穩定,帶113粒中子
190Os 26.26% 穩定,帶114粒中子
192Os 40.78% 穩定,帶116粒中子
194Os 人造 6.0  β 0.097 194Ir
標準原子質量英语Standard atomic weight (Ar, 標準)
←Re75 Ir77

76Os)有七种天然存在的同位素,其中五种稳定,分别是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常见的192Os。另外两种同位素184Os和186Os虽然有放射性,但它们极长的半衰期(分别为1.12×1013年和2×1015年)使它们在实际用途中可以看作是稳定同位素。作为187Re半衰期4.56×1010年)衰变产物的187Os可在铼锇测年法英语rhenium-osmium dating中测量陨石的年龄。

除了七种天然存在的同位素以外,锇还有30种人造同位素[3]其中最长寿的是半衰期六年的194Os。锇还有九种同核异构体,其中191mOs最稳定,半衰期13.10小时。锇所有的同位素理论上都有放射性,但仍未被观测到。

圖表

符號 Z N 同位素質量(u
[n 1][n 2]
半衰期
[n 2][n 3]
衰變
方式
[4]
衰變
產物

[n 4][n 5]
原子核
自旋[n 1]
相對豐度
莫耳分率)[n 2]
相對豐度
的變化量
莫耳分率)
激發能量[n 2]
161Os 76 85 0.64(6) ms α 157W
162Os 76 86 161.98443(54)# 1.87(18) ms α 158W 0+
163Os 76 87 162.98269(43)# 5.5(6) ms α 159W 7/2−#
β+, p (不常見) 162W
β+ (不常見) 163Re
164Os 76 88 163.97804(22) 21(1) ms α (98%) 160W 0+
β+ (2%) 164Re
165Os 76 89 164.97676(22)# 71(3) ms α (60%) 161W (7/2−)
β+ (40%) 165Re
166Os 76 90 165.972691(20) 216(9) ms α (72%) 162W 0+
β+ (28%) 166Re
167Os 76 91 166.97155(8) 810(60) ms α (67%) 163W 3/2−#
β+ (33%) 167Re
168Os 76 92 167.967804(13) 2.06(6) s β+ (51%) 168Re 0+
α (49%) 164W
169Os 76 93 168.967019(27) 3.40(9) s β+ (89%) 169Re 3/2−#
α (11%) 165W
170Os 76 94 169.963577(12) 7.46(23) s β+ (91.4%) 170Re 0+
α (8.6%) 176W
171Os 76 95 170.963185(20) 8.3(2) s β+ (98.3%) 171Re (5/2−)
α (1.7%) 167W
172Os 76 96 171.960023(16) 19.2(5) s β+ (98.9%) 172Re 0+
α (1.1%) 168W
173Os 76 97 172.959808(16) 22.4(9) s β+ (99.6%) 173Re (5/2−)
α (.4%) 169W
174Os 76 98 173.957062(12) 44(4) s β+ (99.97%) 174Re 0+
α (.024%) 170W
175Os 76 99 174.956946(15) 1.4(1) min β+ 175Re (5/2−)
176Os 76 100 175.95481(3) 3.6(5) min β+ 176Re 0+
177Os 76 101 176.954965(17) 3.0(2) min β+ 177Re 1/2−
178Os 76 102 177.953251(18) 5.0(4) min β+ 178Re 0+
179Os 76 103 178.953816(19) 6.5(3) min β+ 179Re (1/2−)
180Os 76 104 179.952379(22) 21.5(4) min β+ 180Re 0+
181Os 76 105 180.95324(3) 105(3) min β+ 181Re 1/2−
181m1Os 48.9(2) keV 2.7(1) min β+ 181Re (7/2)−
181m2Os 156.5(7) keV 316(18) ns (9/2)+
182Os 76 106 181.952110(23) 22.10(25) h ε 182Re 0+
183Os 76 107 182.95313(5) 13.0(5) h β+ 183Re 9/2+
183mOs 170.71(5) keV 9.9(3) h β+ (85%) 183Re 1/2−
IT (15%) 183Os
184Os 76 108 183.9524891(14) 1.12(23)×1013 y[1] α[n 6] 180W 0+ 2(1)×10−4
185Os 76 109 184.9540423(14) 93.6(5) d ε 185Re 1/2−
185m1Os 102.3(7) keV 3.0(4) µs (7/2−)#
185m2Os 275.7(8) keV 0.78(5) µs (11/2+)
186Os[n 7] 76 110 185.9538382(15) 2.0(11)×1015 y α 182W 0+ 0.0159(3)
187Os[n 8] 76 111 186.9557505(15) 觀測上穩定[n 9] 1/2− 0.0196(2)
188Os[n 8] 76 112 187.9558382(15) 觀測上穩定[n 10] 0+ 0.1324(8)
189Os 76 113 188.9581475(16) 觀測上穩定[n 11] 3/2− 0.1615(5)
189mOs 30.812(15) keV 5.81(6) h IT 189Os 9/2−
190Os 76 114 189.9584470(16) 觀測上穩定[n 12] 0+ 0.2626(2)
190mOs 1705.4(2) keV 9.9(1) min IT 190Os (10)−
191Os 76 115 190.9609297(16) 15.4(1) d β 191Ir 9/2−
191mOs 74.382(3) keV 13.10(5) h IT 191Os 3/2−
192Os 76 116 191.9614807(27) 觀測上穩定[n 13] 0+ 0.4078(19)
192mOs 2015.40(11) keV 5.9(1) s IT (87%) 192Os (10−)
β (13%) 192Ir
193Os 76 117 192.9641516(27) 30.11(1) h β 193Ir 3/2−
194Os 76 118 193.9651821(28) 6.0(2) y β 194Ir 0+
195Os 76 119 194.96813(54) 6.5 min β 195Ir 3/2−#
196Os 76 120 195.96964(4) 34.9(2) min β 196Ir 0+
197Os 76 121 2.8(6) min
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 用括號括起來的數據代表不確定性。
  3. ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的同位素以粗體表示。
  4. ^ 穩定的衰變產物以粗體表示。
  5. ^ 半衰期超过5亿年的衰变产物以粗斜体表示。
  6. ^ 理论上也会双β衰变184W
  7. ^ 原生英语Primordial nuclide放射性同位素
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 用于铼锇测年法英语rhenium-osmium dating
  9. ^ 理论上会α衰变183W
  10. ^ 理论上会α衰变184W
  11. ^ 理论上会α衰变185W
  12. ^ 理论上会α衰变186W
  13. ^ 理论上会α衰变188W,或是双β衰变192Pt
同位素列表
錸的同位素 鋨的同位素 銥的同位素

参考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Peters, Stefan T.M.; Münker, Carsten; Becker, Harry; Schulz, Toni. Alpha-decay of 184Os revealed by radiogenic 180W in meteorites: Half life determination and viability as geochronometer. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. April 2014, 391: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.030. 
  2. ^ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. 
  3. ^ Flegenheimer, Juan. The mystery of the disappearing isotope. Revista Virtual de Química. 2014, 6 (4): 1139–1142. doi:10.5935/1984-6835.20140073可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Universal Nuclide Chart. nucleonica. [2015-10-06]. (原始内容需要免费注册存档于2017-02-19). 

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