白俄罗斯—乌克兰关系

白俄羅斯－烏克兰關係
雙方在世界的位置

白俄羅斯
烏克蘭

白俄罗斯－乌克兰关系（白俄羅斯語：Беларуска-ўкраінскія адносіны，羅馬化：Byelaruska-wkrainskiya adnosiny；烏克蘭語：Українсько-білоруські відносини，羅馬化：Ukrainsko-Biloruski vidnosyny），或简称白乌关系，指的是白俄罗斯与乌克兰之间的外交关系。两国皆是巴库倡议国组织及中欧倡议国组织的正式成员。2021年年末，俄乌关系开始迅速恶化，到2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的时候，两国的矛盾与冲突达至顶峰。而在这期间，白俄罗斯允许俄罗斯在其领土上驻军，并以此作为跳板进攻乌克兰北部，虽然白俄罗斯否认了其军事援助俄罗斯的说法，但白乌关系依旧不太乐观。

历史沿革

1991年以前的关系

这两个国家在历史上都是基辅罗斯（公元9至13世纪）的一部分，之后逐渐被波兰立陶宛联邦（1569-1795年）控制，并最终并入俄罗斯帝国（1721-1917年）的势力范围。继而在1918至1939年这段期间，波兰第二共和国控制了两国的部分领土。在1991年苏联解体之前，两国皆是苏联的加盟成员国，前身分别是白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国（成立于1920年）和乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国（成立于1922年），且都在1945年的时候以苏联加盟共和国的身份成为联合国创始成员。同样作为斯拉夫国家，白俄罗斯与乌克兰有着密切相关的文化，且两国的人口主要都是由白俄罗斯和乌克兰的东斯拉夫民族构成，并夹杂一些俄罗斯人。

现代

今天，白俄罗斯与乌克兰接壤了一条长达891公里的边界线。在1997年的时候，白俄罗斯和乌克兰就边境问题达成协议，并在2009年11月份，白俄罗斯总统亚历山大·卢卡申科和前乌克兰总统维克多·尤先科就此问题达成正式化进程，继而将此协议递予白俄罗斯国民议会批准。[1]

外交关系破裂

2020年8月，于白俄罗斯抗议卢卡申科就任总统期间，乌克兰首度召回驻白大使，并决定重新评估两国双边关系的前景。[2] 在此之前，白俄罗斯曾将之前被拘捕的33名俄罗斯承包商（卢卡申科声称他们是瓦格纳集团的人）送回俄罗斯，[3]并引起乌克兰方的不满，因为此前乌克兰曾呼吁白俄罗斯将这些承包商押往乌克兰，以起诉他们在顿巴斯战争的中的所作所为，但白俄罗斯并没有答允。2021年4月，曾任第九届乌克兰人民代表的葉夫根尼·舍甫琴科在未得乌克兰政府授权的情况下与白俄总统卢卡申科会晤，之后遭开除人民公仆党籍。[4]卢卡申科在此次会晤中批评了乌克兰前总统列昂尼德·克拉夫丘克对于取消明斯克作为诺曼底模式会谈的东道主身份的建议。[5]

为回应白俄政府于2021年5月强制改动瑞安航空 4978航班航道的恶劣行径，乌克兰政府宣布禁止任何白俄罗斯航空公司在乌克兰领空运营。[6]此外，乌克兰与欧盟一致对白俄罗斯官员实施制裁，[7] 白俄罗斯则针对乌克兰的商品设置新的贸易壁垒，以示回应。[8]

2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰

2022年2月，俄罗斯军队以白俄罗斯作为跳板，入侵乌克兰北部，[9]白俄关系愈演愈烈。此外，白俄罗斯政府亦表示，俄国核武将会出现在白俄罗斯的国土上[10]。

乌克兰边防局局长致白俄罗斯边境委员会的信件，2022年2月26日。

2022年10月4日，烏克蘭指責俄羅斯試圖讓白俄羅斯成為國際鑽石認證機構的主席國，同時烏方反對白俄羅斯成為國際鑽石認證機構主席國。[11]

外事访问

常驻外交使团

  • Embassy of Belarus in Kyiv
    Embassy of Belarus in Kyiv
  • Embassy of Ukraine in Minsk
    Embassy of Ukraine in Minsk

參考文獻

  1. ^ Belarus to ratify border agreement with Ukraine 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期November 8, 2009，., Interfax-Ukraine (November 5, 2009)
  2. ^ Ukraine recalls its ambassador to Belarus. Reuters. 2020-08-17 [2020-08-21]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19） （英语）. 
  3. ^ Belarus hands over alleged mercenaries to Russia: Russian prosecutor. Reuters. 14 August 2020 [1 March 2022]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-15）. 
  4. ^ "Servant of the People" expelled from the faction Shevchenko, who admires Lukashenko. [2022-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-24） （乌克兰语）. 
  5. ^ Lukashenko: I have always had good relations with all Ukrainian presidents. eng.belta.by. 2021-04-20 [2021-04-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-24） （en-EN）. 
  6. ^ Polityuk, Pavel. Ukraine will ban Belarus airlines from using its airspace from May 29. nasdaq.com. 28 May 2021 [1 March 2022]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-02）. 
  7. ^ Talant, Bermet. Ukraine joins EU sanctions against Belarusian officials. Kyiv Post. 20 November 2020 [1 March 2022]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-20）. 
  8. ^ Ukraine says Belarus has imposed trade barriers in plane row. Reuters. 28 May 2021 [2022-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-28）. 
  9. ^ Murphy, Paul. Troops and military vehicles have entered Ukraine from Belarus. CNN. 24 February 2022 [1 March 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-23）. 
  10. ^ McDonald, Scott. Belarus to Host Russian Nukes in Major Reversal of Post-Soviet Order. Newsweek. 27 February 2022 [1 March 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-28）. 
  11. ^ 拒絕俄國撐腰！ 烏反對白俄羅斯成為「國際鑽石認證機構」主席國. [2022-10-21]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-21）. 
  12. ^ Ukraine keen on further dialogue with EU, Eurasian Troika – Poroshenko. Interfax-Ukraine. [2020-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-26） （英语）. 
  13. ^ Miller, Christopher. What's at stake as Putin, Poroshenko meet in Minsk to talk peace. Mashable. 11 February 2015 [2020-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-12） （英语）. 
  14. ^ The First Forum of Regions of Belarus and Ukraine in Gomel | BelCCI. www.cci.by. [2020-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-02）. 
  15. ^ On October 27 the President of the Republic of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko together with presidents of Ukraine, Russia and Azerbaijan placed a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the memorial complex "Park of Glory" in Kiev.. （原始内容存档于2017-08-11）. 
  16. ^ Along with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko and President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliev also took part in the celebrations.. （原始内容存档于2016-08-31）. 
  17. ^ Embassy of Belarus in Kyiv. [2022-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-15）. 
  18. ^ [1]
  19. ^ [2]
  20. ^ 存档副本. [2022-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-10）. 

外部链接

Read other articles:

Trilogi of Caffeine

Trilogi of CaffeineAlbum studio karya CaffeineDirilis7 Juni 2009GenrePopDurasi39:52LabelNagaswaraKronologi Caffeine The Best of Caffeine (2004)The Best of Caffeine2004 Trilogi of Caffeine (2009) Audiography (2012)Audiography2012 Trilogi of Caffeine adalah sebuah album musik keempat karya Caffeine yang dirilis pada tahun 2009. Album ini merupakan tanda kembalinya Caffeine di belantika musik Indonesia setelah vakum selama 5 tahun. Lagu utamanya di album ini ialah Demi Cintaku, Hubungan Tanp...

 

Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Taiwan

Hubungan Taiwan–Amerika Serikat Taiwan Amerika Serikat Misi diplomatik Kantor Perwakilan Ekonomi dan Budaya Taipei di Amerika Serikat Institut Amerika di Taiwan Republik Tiongkok (umumnya dikenal sebagai Taiwan) dan Amerika Serikat telah mempertahankan hubungan tidak resmi sejak tahun 1979. Hubungan antara Amerika Serikat dan Dinasti Qing dimulai pada 16 Juni 1844. Hubungan resmi antara pemerintahan Republik Tiongkok di Taiwan dengan pemerintah federal Amerika Serikat berakhir karena penga...

 

Stadion Geoffroy Guichard

Stadion Geoffroy-GuichardLe Chaudron Informasi stadionNama lengkapStadion Geoffroy-GuichardPemilikPemerintah Saint-ÉtienneLokasiLokasi14, rue Paul et Pierre Guichard, 42028 Saint-Étienne Loire PrancisKoordinat45°27′38.76″N 4°23′24.42″E / 45.4607667°N 4.3901167°E / 45.4607667; 4.3901167KonstruksiDibuat1930Dibuka13 September 1931Direnovasi1984, 1998Data teknisPermukaanRumputKapasitas35.616[1][2]Ukuran lapangan105 m × 68 mPemakaiAS Sain...

Astronomer

Scientist in the field of astronomy A voting session is conducted in 2006 International Astronomical Union's general assembly for determining a new definition of a planet An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or ...

 

Glastonbury Tor

Glastonbury TorNama asli bahasa Wales: Ynys WydrynGlastonbury Tor tahun 2017LetakGlastonbury, Somerset, InggrisKoordinat51°08′40″N 2°41′55″W / 51.14444°N 2.69861°W / 51.14444; -2.69861Koordinat: 51°08′40″N 2°41′55″W / 51.14444°N 2.69861°W / 51.14444; -2.69861Badan pengelolaNational Trust Scheduled monumentNama resmi: St Michael's Church, monastic remains, and other settlement remains on Glastonbury TorDitetapkan24 Apr...

 

جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل ممثلة مساعدة

جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل ممثلة مساعدةالشعارمعلومات عامةالبلد الولايات المتحدة مقدمة من أكاديمية فنون وعلوم الصور المتحركة أول جائزة 1936 موقع الويب oscars.org (الإنجليزية) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات جائزة الأوسكار لأفضل ممثلة مساعدة عبارة عن أحد الجوائز التي تمنحها أكا...

فريدريك ماورر (أستاذ جامعي)

فريدريك ماورر (بالألمانية: Friedrich Maurer)‏  معلومات شخصية الميلاد 5 يناير 1898 [1]  ليندنفلز  الوفاة 7 نوفمبر 1984 (86 سنة)   مواطنة ألمانيا  عضو في الخوذة الحديدية، رابطة جنود الجبهة،  وكتيبة العاصفة،  وأكاديمية هايدلبرغ للعلوم والعلوم الإنسانية،  والرابطة ال�...

 

John Kyle (Northern Ireland politician)

John KyleKyle in 2013High Sheriff of BelfastIn officeJanuary 2023 – January 2024Preceded byJohn HusseySucceeded bySammy DouglasDeputy leader of the Progressive Unionist PartyIn office15 October 2011 – 16 December 2021LeaderBilly HutchinsonPreceded byDavid RoseSucceeded byRussell WattonInterim Leader of theProgressive Unionist PartyIn office3 June 2010 – 16 October 2010Preceded byDawn PurvisSucceeded byBrian ErvineMember of Belfast City CouncilIn office22 May ...

 

Kenneth Simonds

American businessman and philanthropist (1935-2009) Kenneth Wayne SimondsBornMay 5, 1935Kingsport, TNDiedOctober 11, 2009Indian Wells, CAYears active1958-1993Employer(s)IBM, Amdahl, TeradataSpouseSarah R. Simonds (1935)Children5 Kenneth Wayne Simonds (May 5, 1935 – October 11, 2009) was an American businessman and philanthropist.[1][2] Life He began his career in 1958 at IBM and was the youngest IBM manager when promoted to Green Bay, Wisconsin. He left IBM in 1975 to b...

Khetrani language

Indo-Aryan language KhetraniNative toPakistanNative speakersover 100,000 (2017)[1]Language familyIndo-European Indo-IranianIndo-AryanNorthwesternSindhic? Lahnda?KhetraniLanguage codesISO 639-3xheGlottologkhet1238Khetrani is a minor language of Pakistan which is mainly spoken in Barkhan District, it is given a space in this map. Khetrānī, or Khetranki,[2] is an Indo-Aryan language of north-eastern Balochistan. It is spoken by the majority of the Khetrans,[3]...

 

Katri Raik

Estonian politician Katri RaikMinister of the InteriorIn office26 November 2018 – 29 April 2019Prime MinisterJüri RatasPreceded byAndres AnveltSucceeded byMart HelmeMayor of NarvaIn office30 December 2020 – 16 September 2023Preceded byAleksei Jevgrafov Personal detailsBorn (1967-10-26) 26 October 1967 (age 56)Tartu, EstoniaPolitical partySocial Democratic PartyAlma materUniversity of Tartu Katri Raik (born 26 October 1967) is an Estonian politician who served as th...

 

Tim sepak bola Provinsi Bengkulu

BengkuluNama lengkapTim sepak bola Provinsi BengkuluStadionStadion Semarak(Kapasitas: 15.000)LigaPONPra PON 2024Peringkat 4 di Grup A Porwil Sumatera XI/2023 Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Tim sepak bola Provinsi Bengkulu atau Tim sepak bola Bengkulu adalah tim provinsial yang mewakili Bengkulu dalam cabang olahraga sepak bola pada Pekan Olahraga Wilayah Sumatera dan Pekan Olahraga Nasional. Tim ini dikendalikan oleh Asosiasi Provinsi Persatuan Sepak bola Seluruh Indonesia Bengkulu (Asprov PSS...

Ice Bucket Challenge: Pete Frates and the Fight Against ALS

Non-fiction book by Casey Sherman First edition Ice Bucket Challenge: Pete Frates and the Fight Against ALS is a non-fiction book by New York Times bestselling author Casey Sherman and author/journalist Dave Wedge that was published in 2017 by ForeEdge, a division of University Press of New England.[1] The book tells the story of Pete Frates, a Boston College baseball player who was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 2011, who helped launch the Ice Bucket Challenge ...

 

Muhammad Ridho Ficardo

Artikel biografi ini ditulis menyerupai resume atau daftar riwayat hidup (Curriculum Vitae). Tolong bantu perbaiki agar netral dan ensiklopedis. Gaya atau nada penulisan artikel ini tidak mengikuti gaya dan nada penulisan ensiklopedis yang diberlakukan di Wikipedia. Bantulah memperbaikinya berdasarkan panduan penulisan artikel. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Muhammad Ridho Ficardo Gubernur Lampung ke-9Masa jabatan2 Juni 2014 – 2 Juni 2019Pre...

 

The Green Papers

Website that follows the results of United States presidential elections The Green PapersAvailable inEnglishCreated byRichard Berg-Andersson and Tony RozaURLthegreenpapers.comCommercialNoLaunched1999Current statusActive The Green Papers is a website that tracks the outcomes of United States presidential elections. It was established by Richard Berg-Andersson and Tony Roza in 1999. The site has gained prominence for its coverage of presidential primaries.[1] It was among...

أليسيو فيجالي

أليسيو فيجالي (بالإيطالية: Alessio Figalli)‏    معلومات شخصية الميلاد 2 أبريل 1984 (40 سنة)[1]  روما[1]  الإقامة زيورخ  مواطنة إيطاليا[1]  عضو في أكاديمية تورين للعلوم[2]،  وأكاديمية أوروبيا  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم أسكولا نورماليه سوبريوريه المدر...

 

Markham, Ontario

City in Ontario, Canada City in Ontario, CanadaMarkhamCity (lower-tier)City of MarkhamMarkham Civic Centre FlagCoat of armsLogoNickname: The High-Tech CapitalMotto: Leading While RememberingLocation of Markham within York RegionMarkhamMarkham in relation to southern OntarioCoordinates: 43°52′36″N 79°15′48″W / 43.87667°N 79.26333°W / 43.87667; -79.26333[1]CountryCanadaProvinceOntarioRegional MunicipalityYork RegionSettled1794 (Thornhill and...

 

The Crazy Clinic

1954 film The Crazy ClinicDirected byAlwin EllingWritten byAlwin EllingErwin KrekerStarringIngrid AndreeMaria AndergastClaus BiederstaedtCinematographyPaul GruppMusic byFriedrich SchröderProductioncompanyAstra-FilmRelease date 2 March 1954 (1954-03-02) Running time95 minutesCountryWest GermanyLanguageGerman The Crazy Clinic (German: Sanatorium total verrückt) is a 1954 West German comedy film directed by Alwin Elling and starring Ingrid Andree, Maria Andergast and Claus Biede...

LA Women's Tennis Championships

LA Women's Tennis ChampionshipsSport Tennis CategoriaTier II (1988-2008)Premier (2009-) FederazioneWomen's Tennis Association Paese Stati Uniti LuogoCarson ImpiantoHome Depot Center SuperficieCemento OrganizzatoreUnited States Tennis Association CadenzaAnnuale Partecipanti56S / 32SQ / 16D Sito Internetlatennischamps.com StoriaFondazione1973 Soppressione2009 Numero edizioni34 Record vittorie/ Martina Navrátilová (8, singolare; 5, doppio) Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Il LA W...

 

Central America

Subregion of the Americas For other uses, see Central America (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Middle America (Americas) or Central United States. Central AmericaArea523,780 km2 (202,230 sq mi)[1]Population52,700,000 (2023)[1]Population density100.6/km2 (260.6/sq mi) (2023)GDP (PPP)$738.8 billion (2023)GDP (nominal)$362.62 billion (exchange rate) (2023)GDP per capita$6,880 (exchange rate) (2023)$14,019 (PPP) (2023)DemonymCentral American[a]...