夏姬 (秦孝文王)

夏姬
本名氏:夏
逝世前240年
国籍秦国
活跃时期战国
知名于秦朝帝太后
配偶夫:秦孝文王
儿女秦庄襄王
別稱夏太后

夏姬(約前300年—前240年),战国时期秦国王太后,秦孝文王之妾,秦庄襄王之母,秦始皇之祖母。

生平

夏姬是秦国储君安国君的姬妾,生子異人,但母子二人都沒有得到安国君寵愛,於是異人被送往趙國作为质子。後異人得到呂不韋的帮助,返回秦国继位,为秦庄襄王。秦莊襄王继位後,尊生母夏姬為夏太后。

前240年,夏太后去世,葬於杜原东。因秦孝文王与正妻华阳夫人合葬于寿陵(今陕西省西安市临潼区东北),秦庄襄王葬于芷阳(今陕西省西安市长安区东),所以夏太后被另外葬于杜原东,称“向东可以看到我的儿子,向西可以看到我的丈夫。在百年之后,旁边定会有个万户的城邑”。[1]

墓葬

夏太后墓位于陕西省西安市长安区神禾塬,陵园占地约260亩,南北长550米,东西宽310米,由兆沟、城墙围绕成“亚”字形。大墓由四条墓道组成,墓圹东西总长约140米、南北宽约110米,是2006年为止已发掘的“中国第二大墓葬”,仅次于秦景公墓[2]

帝國君子長臂猿這種已絕種的長臂猿的模式標本出自夏太后的墓葬,該隻長臂猿在生前可能是夏太后的寵物。

参考资料

  1. ^ 史記·卷八十五·呂不韋列傳》:安國君中男名子楚,子楚母曰夏姬,毋愛…太子子楚代立,是為莊襄王。莊襄王所母華陽後為華陽太后,真母夏姬尊以為夏太后…始皇七年,莊襄王母夏太后薨。孝文王后曰華陽太后,與孝文王會葬壽陵。夏太后子莊襄王葬芷陽,故夏太后獨別葬杜東,曰:“東望吾子,西望吾夫。後百年,旁當有萬家邑。”
  2. ^ 华商报. 秦始皇祖母陵渐露真容. 网易. 2006-08-15 [2012-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-03). 

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