君王后

君王后
本名姓:后姓
逝世前249年
国籍田齊
活跃时期戰國
知名于田齊王后
配偶夫:齊襄王
儿女齊王建
父母父:太史敫

君王后(?—前249年),是戰國時代田齊的亡國君田建的太后、齊襄王的王后。

生平

根據《戰國策》記載,君王后本姓,是當時太史敫的女兒。當時齊國在濟西之戰樂毅攻陷,齊湣王被殺,全國只餘下即墨二城。太子田法章逃亡到,化名在太史家擔當園丁。君王后當時感覺到太子的非凡身份,表示要嫁,但父親極力反對。不過二人卻私訂終身,並生下兒子田建。這在當時是令人不齒的。後來田單即墨之戰破燕軍,迎立太子回朝,是為齊襄王,君王后亦成為了王后。太史敫闻讯大怒说:“女不取媒因自嫁,非吾种也,污吾世。”认为女儿竟然在未经父母之言、媒妁之命的情况下私订终身,大违礼道,更表示不愿承认太史家有此逆女,与女儿断绝关系,终身不往来。

由於她的特殊姓氏,當了王后之後,不能被稱為“后后”,所以歷史上把她稱之為“君王后”。君王后参与朝政,辅佐齊襄王。前265年,齊襄王離世後,君王后協助田建執政。在她輔政的三十多年,田齊一直都很太平,她對秦國非常謹慎,但亦對其餘五國信任。所以三十多年來齊國都沒有受到秦國及其他五國的威脅。但對於這四十年的太平,不同時代的人有不同的意思。蘇東坡認為君王后能在六國紛擾之時,為國家帶來三十多年的和平,是一項大的德政;但何景明認為,這四十年的和平其實是建基於其餘五國的犧牲,因為有這五國為田齊阻擋強秦,田齊才可以享有和平,但君王后對秦王政處處忍讓,對五國不施以援手,才讓強秦有機會統一六國。

君王后死後,君王后的族弟后勝執政。但后勝是一個貪官,不斷收受秦國的賄賂,因而勸齊王建不要對其餘五國施加援手,到五國滅亡之後,齊國亦很快滅亡。

相关典故

秦昭襄王曾派使臣给君王后一副玉连环,说:“齐国人都很聪明,但能解开这个玉连环吗?”君王后把玉连环拿给群臣看,群臣没有人知道如何解开。王后拿起一把锤子把它敲破,告诉秦王的使者说:“已经解开了。”

当君王后病危快死时,她告诫齐王建说:“群臣中某某人可以任用。”齐王建说:“请把他们的名字写下来。”君王后说:“好。”于是,齐王取笔和木简要她写下遗言。君王后却说:“我已经忘记了。”[1]

參考

參见

  1. ^ 《战国策·齐策六·齐闵王之遇杀》

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