二氧化锗

二氧化锗
IUPAC名
Germanium dioxide
别名 氧化锗
ACC10380
G-15
识别
CAS号 1310-53-8  checkY
PubChem 14796
ChemSpider 14112
SMILES
 
  • O=[Ge]=O
InChI
 
  • 1/GeO2/c2-1-3
InChIKey YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYAG
RTECS LY5240000
性质
化学式 GeO2
摩尔质量 104.6388 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色粉末或无色结晶
密度 4.228 g/cm3 (六方晶系)[1]
6.239 g/cm3 (四方晶系)[1]
熔点 1115±4°C (六方晶系)[1]
1086±5°C (四方晶系)[1]
溶解性 4.47 g/L (25 °C)
10.7 g/L (100 °C)
溶解性 HFHCl中不溶
溶于其它酸和碱
折光度n
D
1.650
结构
晶体结构 四方晶系六方晶系
危险性
警示术语 R:R22
安全术语 S:S22-S24/25
欧盟编号 未列出
闪点 不可燃
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
3700 mg/kg (大鼠经口)[2]
相关物质
其他阴离子 二硫化锗
二硒化锗
其他阳离子 二氧化碳
二氧化硅
二氧化锡
二氧化铅
相关化学品 一氧化锗
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二氧化锗,化学式GeO2

性质

白色粉末或无色结晶,为四方晶系六方晶系无定形体。六方结晶与β-石英同构,锗为四配位;四方结晶具有超石英型结构,类似于金红石,其中锗为六配位。[3] 高压下,无定形二氧化锗转变为六配位结构;随着压力降低,二氧化锗也逐渐变为四配位的结构。[4] 类金红石型结构的二氧化锗在高压下可转变为另一种正交晶系氯化钙型结构。[5]

二氧化锗不溶于水和盐酸,溶于液生成锗酸盐[6] 类金红石型结构的二氧化锗比六方二氧化锗更易溶于水,它与水作用时可产生锗酸[6]

二氧化锗与粉在1000°C共热时,可得到一氧化锗[3]

制备

四氯化锗与6.5倍体积的蒸馏水过夜反应,生成不溶性的二氧化锗。用冷水洗涤固体至洗液不含氯离子为止,然后在200°C干燥,得到二氧化锗产品。

用途

用作金属和其他锗化合物的制取原料、制取聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯树脂时的催化剂,[7][8] 以及光谱分析和半导体材料。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 中国化工产品大全 上卷,Bc462 氧化锗,页370
  2. ^ Aldrich Chemical - Germanium Dioxide, 99.998%, 19947-8 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2007-09-23.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  4. ^ Formation and Structure of a Dense Octahedral Glass, M. Guthrie, C. A. Tulk, C. J. Benmore, J. Xu, J. L. Yarger, D. D. Klug, J. S. Tse, H-k. Mao, R. J. Hemley, Physical Review Letters, 93, 115502, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.115502
  5. ^ Structural evolution of rutile-type and CaCl2-type germanium dioxide at high pressure, J. Haines, J. M.Léger, C.Chateau, A. S.Pereira, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 27, 8 ,(2000), 575-582,doi:10.1007/s002690000092
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman, (2001) Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier ISBN 0123526515
  7. ^ Thiele, Ulrich K. The Current Status of Catalysis and Catalyst Development for the Industrial Process of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polycondensation. International Journal of Polymeric Materials. 2001, 50 (3): 387 – 394. doi:10.1080/00914030108035115. 
  8. ^ 二氧化锗字典-Guidechem.com(英文). [2012-01-09]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-16). 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆

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