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三氧化铬

三氧化铬
IUPAC名
氧化鉻(VI)
英文名 Chromium trioxide
别名 鉻酸酐
识别
CAS号 1333-82-0  checkY
PubChem 14915
ChemSpider 14212
SMILES
 
  • O=[Cr](=O)=O
InChI
 
  • 1/Cr.3O/rCrO3/c2-1(3)4
InChIKey WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-YFSAMUSXAF
UN编号 1463
ChEBI 48240
RTECS GB6650000
性质
化学式 CrO3
摩尔质量 99.994 g·mol⁻¹
外观 暗紅色斜方結晶
密度 2.70 g/cm3(固)
熔点 197 °C
沸点 250 °C 分解
溶解性 63 g/100 mL
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
氧化性氧化性 O
剧毒剧毒 T+
危害环境危害环境N
警示术语 R:R45-R46-R9-R24/25-R26-R35-R42/43-R48/23-R62-R50/53
安全术语 S:S53-S45-S60-S61
NFPA 704
0
3
1
OX
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

三氧化铬化学式CrO3)是(VI)的氧化物,通常呈暗红色斜方结晶,可溶于硫酸乙醚,但不溶于丙酮(丙酮遇到三氧化鉻会发生剧烈爆炸),容易潮解。溶于水生成铬酸。具强氧化性。三氧化铬、硫酸和丙酮用于将氧化为羧酸Jones氧化反应)。

三氧化铬可以通过重铬酸钠和浓硫酸反应沉淀出来,因此曾长期被称作铬酸。它于197 °C以上分解,逐渐失去氧,中间产物有黑色的二氧化铬,最终产物为三氧化二铬

它可以与很多有机化合物(如吡啶)形成通式为CrO3·2L的加合物

结构

CrO3是Cr原子和O原子构成的线状聚合物,每个Cr原子还连有另外两个氧,化学式为(CrO3)n。当溶于水、叔丁醇吡啶醋酐时会发生解聚。溶剂是醇时,产物为铬酸酯。

化学性质

三氧化铬可以和氢氧化钠反应,产生铬酸钠重铬酸钠

和吡啶、盐酸共同作用成盐:[1]

CrO3 + C5H5N + HCl → C5H6N+CrO3Cl-

安全

铬酸酐本身不可燃,但遇有机物易燃物质,能导致有机物、可燃物的燃烧,与及某些有机物混合,经摩擦、撞击,有引起燃爆的危险,与松软的粉末状可燃物能组成爆炸性混合物。可用雾状水及砂土灭火。乙醇与之混合后会发生剧烈燃烧。

三氧化铬具强致癌性六价铬)和腐蚀性。

用途

三氧化铬主要有以下用途:

  • 金属镀铬
  • 金属抛光
  • 电解制高纯金属铬
  • 鞣革和印染
  • 合成橡胶及油脂精制

参考文献

  1. ^ 杨红文. 三氧化铬二吡啶、三氧化铬吡啶盐酸盐——两种有效的专用氧化剂[J]. 化学研究与应用, 2000. 12(1): 74-76
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