Felsefe
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Platon Kant Nietzsche Buda Konfüçyüs İbn-i Rüşd
Dallar Geleneksel Epistemoloji Estetik Etik Mantık Metafizik ...felsefesi Algı Antropoloji Bilgisayar bilimi Bilim Biyoloji Cinsellik Coğrafya Dil Din Ekonomi Enformasyon Fizik Edebiyat Eğitim Hukuk Kimya Kültür Mantık Matematik Felsefe Mühendislik Müzik Psikiyatri Psikoloji Savaş Sinema Siyaset Sosyal bilimler Tarih Teknoloji Tıp Toplum Zaman Varlık Yapay zekâ Zihin
Dönemler Antik Çağ Orta Çağ Rönesans 17. yüzyıl Modern Çağdaş
Gelenekler Analitik Neopozitivizm Gündelik dil Aristoculuk Budist Abidarma Madyamaka Pramāṇavāda Yogacara Cārvāka Hegelci Hindu Mīmāṃsā Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Sāṃkhya Yoga Vedanta Keşmir Şivacılığı Navya-Nyāya Neo-Vedanta İntegral yoga Hristiyan Augustinci Hümanist Skotçu Thomasçılık Okkamcılık İslamî Eş'ari Erken dönem İbn-i Rüşdcü İbn-i Sinacı İşraki İsmaili Tasavvuf Jain Kantçı Yeni Kıta Varoluşçuluk Fenomenoloji Konfüçyüsçülük Neo Yeni Legalizm Marksist Eleştirel teori Frankfurt Okulu Platoncu Yeni Pragmatizm Şüphecilik Taocu felsefe Yahudi Yahudilik-İslam Bölgelere göre gelenekler Afrika Etiyopya Doğu Çin Hint Endonezya Japon Kore Vietnam Orta Doğu Antik Mısır İran Türk Batı Antik Yunan Alman İtalyan Eski İskandinav Amerikan Yerlileri
Literatür Estetik Epistemoloji Etik Mantık Metafizik Siyasi felsefe
Filozoflar Estetikçiler Epistemologlar Etikçiler Mantıkçılar Metafizikçiler Sosyal ve politik filozoflar Felsefede kadınlar
Listeler Dizin Yıllar Problemler Yayınlar Teoriler Sözlük Filozoflar
g t d

Filozoflar (ve felsefe tarihinde önemli olan diğerleri), alfabetik olarak sıralanmıştır:

Not: Bu listeye dahil olmak için asgari bir kriter vardır ve listedeki bazı kişilerin felsefeyle ilgisi tartışmalıdır.

• Iamblichus (y. MS. 245 – y. 325)^[b][d][e]
• Yahya ibn Adi (893–974)^[d]
• Muhyiddin İbnü'l-Arabî (1164–1240)^[b][d][e]
• İbnü'r-Râvendî (827–911)^[d]
• İbn Bacce (veya Avempace) (ö. 1138)^[a][b][d][e]
• Ibn Daud (veya Rabad I veya Avendauth, veya John of Spain) (1110–1180)^[a][d][e]
• Abraham ibn Ezra (1092/3–1167)^[d][e]
• Moses ibn Ezra (1070–1138)^[d]
• Ibn Falaquera (1223–1290)^[d][e]
• İbn Cebirol (1021–1058)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• İbn Hazm (994–1069)^[d]
• Ibn Kammuna (1215–1284)^[d][e]
• İbn Haldun (1332–1406)^[a][b][c][d]
• İbni Meserre (883–931)^[d]
• İbn Miskeveyh (940–1030)^[a][d]
• Bahya ibn Paquda (1040–1110)^[b][d]
• İbn Sebîn (1217–1268)^[d]
• İbn Teymiyye (1263–1328)^[d]
• Samuel ibn Tibbon (y. 1165 – 1232)^[e]
• İbn-i Tufeyl (1110–1185)^[a][b][d]
• Joseph ibn Tzaddik (y. 1149)^[b][d]
• Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in (1883–1954)^[a][b][d]
• Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (1924–1979)^[d]
• Romalı Immanuel (y. 1270 – y. 1330)^[d]
• Roman Ingarden (1893–1970)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• William Ralph Inge (1860–1954)^[b][d]
• José Ingenieros (1877–1925)^[b]
• Nae Ionescu (1890–1940)^[b]
• Muhammed İkbal (1877–1938)^[b][c][d]
• Luce Irigaray (d. 1930)^[a][b][c][d]
• Terence Irwin (d. 1947)^[c]
• İsokrates (MÖ. 436–338 BC)^[a]
• Stellalı Isaac (1105–1177)^[b][d]
• Isaac Israeli (y. 850–950)^[b][d][e]
• Ito Jinsai (1627–1705)^[b][d]
• Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov (1866–1949)^[b]

• Nazarethli İsa (MÖ. 4 – MS. 30 veya 33)
• Frank Cameron Jackson (d. 1943)^[c]
• Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Franz Jakubowski (1912–1970)
• Viterbolu James (1255–1308)^[d][e]
• Henry James Sr. (1811–1882)^[b]
• William James (1842–1910)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Fredric Jameson (d. 1934)
• Vladimir Jankélévitch (1903–1985)^[b]
• Anselm Jappe (d. 1962)
• Karl Jaspers (1883–1969)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Jayarāśi Bhaṭṭa (fl. y. 800)^[e]
• James Hopwood Jeans (1877–1946)^[b]
• Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)^[b][c][d][e]
• Richard C. Jeffrey (1926–2002)^[c]
• William Stanley Jevons (1835–1882)^[a][b][c][e]
• Rudolph von Jhering (1818–1892)^[d]
• Jinul (veya Chinul) (1158–1210)^[b][d]
• Fioreli Joachim (1135–1201)^[a][b][d]
• Friedrich Jodl (1849–1914)^[b]
• Damascuslu John (y. 676–749)^[a][b][d]
• Jandunlu John (1280–1328)^[b][d]
• La Rochelleli John (1190–1245)^[b][d]
• Mirecourtlu John (y. 1345)^[b][d]
• Parisli John (1260–1306)^[b][d]
• Salisburyli John (y. 1115–1180)^[a][b][d][e]
• St. Thomaslı John (veya Jean Poinsot) (1589–1644)^[a][b][d]
• Haçlı Yuhanna (1542–1591)^[b]
• Alexander Bryan Johnson (1786–1867)^[b][d]
• Samuel Johnson (1649–1703)^[d]
• Samuel Johnson (1696–1772)^[b]
• Samuel Johnson (1709–1784)^[b][c][d]
• William Ernest Johnson (1858–1931)^[a][c]
• Constance Jones (1848–1922)^[e]
• Jørgen Jørgensen (1894–1969)^[c]
• Théodore Simon Jouffroy (1796–1842)^[b]
• Romalı Judah ben Moses (veya Judah Romano) (1292–1330)^[d]
• Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961)^[a][b][c][d]
• Ernst Jünger (1895–1998)^[b]
• Joachim Jungius (1587–1657)^[b][d]
• I. Justinianus (483–565)^[d]
• Cüveynî (1028–1085)^[d]

• Franz Kafka (1883–1924)^[b]
• Kaibara Ekiken (1630–1740)^[b][d]
• Kang Youwei (1858–1927)^[a]
• Milan Kangrga (1923–2008)
• Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Kao Tzu (y. MÖ. 420 – 350)^[a]
• David Benjamin Kaplan (d. 1933)^[b][c]
• Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983)^[d]
• Kojin Karatani (d. 1941)
• Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850–1931)^[b]
• Lev Platonovich Karsavin (1882–1952)^[b]
• Joseph Kaspi (1279–1340) ^[e]
• Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980)^[b]
• Karl Kautsky (1854–1938)^[b][c][d]
• Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (1385–1438)^[d]
• Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885)^[b]
• Bartholomew Keckermann (1571–1609)^[d]
• Hans Kelsen (1881–1973)^[b][c][d]
• Norman Kemp Smith (1872–1958)^[d]
• Anthony Kenny (d. 1931)^[c]
• Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)^[a][b][d][e]
• John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)^[a][b][c][d]
• Hermann Graf Keyserling (1880–1946)^[b]
• Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)^[b]
• Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Richard Kilvington (1302–1361)^[a][b][d][e]
• Robert Kilwardby (1215–1279)^[a][b][d][e]
• Jaegwon Kim (1934–2019)^[a][b][c]
• Kindî (801–873)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968)^[b]
• Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680)
• Ivan Kireevsky (1806–1856)^[b]
• Patricia Kitcher (d. 1948)^[b]
• Ludwig Klages (1872–1956)^[b]
• Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811)^[a][b]
• William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990)^[c]
• Martin Knutzen (1713–1751)^[b][d]
• Ko Hung (4. yüzyıl)^[a]
• Kurt Koffka (1886–1941)^[b]
• Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967)^[a][b]
• Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968)^[d]
• Leszek Kołakowski (1927–2009)
• Alejandro Korn (1860–1936)^[b][c]
• Karl Korsch (1886–1961)
• Karel Kosík (1926–2003)
• Tadeusz Kotarbiński (1886–1981)^[a][b][c][d]
• Alexandre Koyré (1892–1964)^[d]
• Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov (1831–1901)^[b]
• Karl Kraus (1874–1936)^[c]
• Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832)^[a][b][d]
• Georg Kreisel (1923–2015)^[c]
• Saul Kripke (d. 1940)^[a][b][c][d]
• Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986)
• Uppaluri Gopala Krishnamurti (1918–2007)
• Julia Kristeva (d. 1941)^[a][b][c][d]
• Nachman Krochmal (1785–1840)^[d]
• Leopold Kronecker (1823–1891)^[d]
• Pyotr Kropotkin (1842–1921)^[a][b][c][d]
• Felix Krueger (1874–1948)^[b]
• Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Kūkai (774–835)^[c][d][e]
• Kuki Shūzō (1888–1941)^[d]
• Oswald Külpe (1862–1915)^[b]
• Kumarila Bhatta (fl. kabaca 700)^[e]
• Kumazawa Banzan (1619–1691)^[b][d]
• Kuo Hsiang (veya Guoxiang) (ö. c. 312)^[a]
• Robert Kurz (1943–2012)

• Ernst Laas (1837–1885)^[b]
• Lucien Laberthonnière (1860–1932)^[b]
• Jean de La Bruyère (1645–1696)^[b]
• Jacques Lacan (1901–1981)^[a][b][c][e]
• Jules Lachelier (1832–1918)^[b][d]
• Ernesto Laclau (1935–2014)
• Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1940–2007)^[d]
• Pierre Laffitte (1823–1903)^[a]
• Louis de La Forge (1632–1666)^[a][d][e]
• Imre Lakatos (1922–1974)^[b][c][d][e]
• André Lalande (1867–1964)^[b]
• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829)^[b][c]
• Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777)^[a][b][d]
• Robert de Lamennais (1752–1854)^[b]
• Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709–1751)^[a][b][c][d]
• François de La Mothe Le Vayer (1588–1672)^[b]
• Ludwig Landgrebe (1902–1992)^[b]
• Friedrich Albert Lange (1828–1875)^[a][b][d][e]
• Susanne Langer (1895–1985)^[b][c][d]
• Laozi (veya Lao Tzu) (MÖ. 4. yüzyıl)^[a][b][c][e]
• Isaac La Peyrère (1596–1676)^[a][b]
• Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827)^[a][b][c]
• Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin (1870–1952)^[b]
• François de La Rochefoucauld (1613–1680)^[b]
• Pierre Laromiguière (1756–1837)^[b]
• Abdullah Laroui (d. 1935)^[b]
• Ferdinand Lassalle (1825–1864)^[b][d]
• Bruno Latour (d. 1947)
• Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741–1801)^[b]
• Louis Lavelle (1883–1951)^[b]
• Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794)^[b]
• Pyotr Lavrov (1823–1900)^[b][d]
• William Law (1686–1761)^[b][d]
• Jean Le Clerc (1657–1737)^[b][d]
• Michèle Le Dœuff (d. 1948)^[c][d]
• Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991)^[d]
• Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples (y. 1455–y. 1536)^[e]
• Claude Lefort (1924–2010)
• Antoine Le Grand (1629–1699)^[d][e]
• Keith Lehrer (d. 1936)^[b][c]
• Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Yeshayahu Leibowitz (1903–1994)^[d][e]
• Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924)^[a][b][c][d]
• Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)^[b]
• Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev (1831–1891)^[b][d]
• Aleksei N. Leontiev (1903–1979)
• Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837)^[b]
• Jules Lequier (1814–1862)^[a][b]
• Pierre Leroux (1798–1871)^[a]
• Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy (1870–1954)^[b][d]
• René Le Senne (1882–1954)^[b]
• Stanisław Leśniewski (1886–1939)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781)^[a][b][c][d]
• Leukippos (MÖ. 5. yüzyıl)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Emmanuel Levinas (1906–1995)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908–2009)^[c][d]
• Lucien Lévy-Bruhl (1857–1939)^[b][c]
• Kurt Lewin (1890–1947)^[a]
• Clarence Irving Lewis (1883–1964)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Clive Staples Lewis (1898–1963)^[a][b][d]
• David Kellogg Lewis (1941–2001)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Li Ao (722–841)^[a][b]
• Liang Qichao (veya Liang Ch'i-ch'ao) (1873–1929)^[a]
• Liang Sou-ming (1893–1988)^[a]
• Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1742–1799)^[b][c][d]
• Arthur Liebert (1878–1946)^[b]
• Otto Liebmann (1840–1912)^[b]
• Liezi (veya Lieh Tzu) (y. MÖ. 440 – y. MÖ. 360)^[a]
• Mikhail Lifshitz (1905–1983)
• Linji Yixuan (veya Lin Chi) (y. 810 – 867)^[d]
• Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778)^[d]
• Theodor Lipps (1851–1914)^[b]
• Justus Lipsius (1547–1606)^[b][d][e]
• Émile Littré (1801–1881)^[b]
• Liu Şaoçi (veya Liu Shao-ch'i) (1898–1969)^[a]
• Liu Tsung-chou (veya Ch'i-shan) (1578–1645)^[a]
• Genevieve Lloyd (d. 1941)^[b]
• Karl Nickerson Llywelyn (1893–1962)^[d]
• Ramon Llull (1235–1315)^[a][b][d][e]
• Alain LeRoy Locke (1885–1954)^[e]
• John Locke (1632–1704)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Alfred Loisy (1857–1940)^[b][d]
• Petros Lombardos (y. 1100 – 1160)^[a][b][d]
• Bernard Lonergan (1904–1984)^[d]
• Sözde-Longinus (1. yüzyıl)^[a][b]
• Leo Mikhailovich Lopatin (1855–1920)^[b]
• Frédéric Lordon (d. 1962)
• Paul Lorenzen (1915–1995)^[d]
• Aleksei Fedorovich Losev (1893–1988)^[b][d]
• Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky (1870–1965)^[b][d]
• Domenico Losurdo (1941–2018)
• Juri Lotman (1922–1993)^[b]
• Hermann Lotze (1817–1881)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (1873–1962)^[b][c]
• Leo Löwenthal (1900–1993)
• Michael Löwy (d. 1938)
• John R. Lucas (1929–2020)^[c]
• Samsatlı Lukianos (y. 120 – y. 180)^[b][d]
• Titus Lucretius Carus (y. MÖ. 99 – 55)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Lu Jiuyuan (veya Lu Xiangshan, veya Lu Chiu-yuan, veya Tzu-ching, veya Ts'un-chai) (1139–1193)^[a][b][d]
• Georg Lukács (1885–1971)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Jan Łukasiewicz (1878–1956)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Anatoli Lunaçarski (1875–1933)^[b]
• Martin Luther (1483–1546)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919)^[d]
• William Lycan (d. 1945)^[c]
• Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}

• Catharine Macaulay (1731–1791)^[e]
• Ernst Mach (1838–1916)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Alasdair MacIntyre (d. 1929)^[a][b][c][d]
• John Leslie Mackie (1917–1981)^[b][c]
• Madhava (ö. 1386)^[d]
• Madhvacharya (1238–1317)^[a][c][d]
• Mahavira (MÖ. 599–527)^[a][d]
• Salomon Maimon (veya Salomon ben Joshua) (1753–1800)^[a][b][d][e]
• Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (veya Abraham ben Maimon) (1186–1237)^[d]
• Musa bin Meymun (veya Rambam) (1135–1204)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Maine de Biran (1766–1824)^[b][c][d]
• John Major (veya John Mair) (1467–1550)^[b][c][d]
• Errico Malatesta (1853–1932)
• Norman Malcolm (1911–1990)^[a][b][c]
• Nicholas Malebranche (1638–1715)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Ernst Mally (1879–1944)^[e]
• André Malraux (1901–1976)^[b]
• Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834)^[b]
• Merab Mamardashvili (1930–1990)^[b][d]
• Bernard de Mandeville (1670–1733)^[b][d]
• Mani (3. yüzyıl)^[b]
• Karl Mannheim (1893–1947)^[a][b][c]
• Henry Longueville Mansel (1820–1871)^[a][b]
• Mao Zedong (veya Mao Tse-tung) (1893–1976)^[a]
• Gabriel Marcel (1887–1973)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Sinoplu Marcion (110–160)^[b]
• Ruth Barcan Marcus (1921–2012)^[a][b][c]
• Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979)^[a][c][d][e]
• Joseph Maréchal (1878–1944)^[b]
• Juan de Mariana (1536–1624)^[a][b]
• Julián Marías (1914–2005)^[b]
• José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930)
• Lucrezia Marinella (1571–1653)^[e]
• Ruy Mauro Marini (1932–1997)
• Jacques Maritain (1882–1973)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Gaius Marius Victorinus (4. yüzyıl)^[d]
• Mihailo Marković (1923–2010)
• Svetozar Marković (1846–1875)^[b]
• Odo Marquard (1928–2015)
• Inghenli Marsilius (1330–1396)^[a][b][d][e]
• Padovalı Marsilius (veya Marsiglio veya Marsilio dei Mainardine) (1270–1342)^[a][b][c][d]
• Roger Marston (1235–1303)^[b][d]
• José Martí (1853–1895)
• Charles B. Martin (1924–2008)^[c]
• Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)^[d]
• James Martineau (1805–1900)^[a][b][c]
• Piero Martinetti (1872–1943)^[b]
• Anton Marty (1847–1914)^[b][e]
• Marko Marulić (1450–1524)^[b]
• Karl Marx (1818–1883)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (1850–1937)^[b][c][d]
• Damaris Cudworth Masham (1659–1708)^[a][d][e]
• Cotton Mather (1663–1728)^[b]
• Aquaspartalı Matthew (1238–1302)^[b][d]
• Paul Mattick (1904–1981)^[b]
• Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759)^[b]
• Fritz Mauthner (1849–1923)^[d]
• James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879)^[a][b][d]
• Ernst Mayr (1904–2005)
• James McCosh (1811–1894)^[a][b]
• William McDougall (1871–1938)^[a][b]
• John McDowell (d. 1942)^[b][c]
• Evander Bradley McGilvary (1864–1953)^[b]
• Colin McGinn (d. 1950)^[c]
• J. M. E. McTaggart (1866–1925)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Bartolomé de Medina (1527–1580)^[a]
• Franz Mehring (1846–1919)^[b]
• Georg Friedrich Meier (1718–1777)^[b]
• Quentin Meillassoux (d. 1967)
• Friedrich Meinecke (1862–1954)^[b][d]
• Alexius Meinong (1853–1920)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560)^[b][d]
• Samoslu Melissus (MÖ. 5. yüzyıl sonları)^[a][b][c][d]
• D. Hugh Mellor (1938–2020)^[c]
• Menasseh Ben Israel (1604–1657)^[b]
• Mensiyüs (veya Meng K'o veya Meng-tzu veya Mengzi) (MÖ. 372–289)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)^[a]
• Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Susan Mendus (d. 1951)
• Désiré-Joseph Mercier (1851–1926)^[a][b]
• Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• George Merill (1867–1928)
• Marin Mersenne (1588–1648)^[a][b][d][e]
• Jean Meslier (1664–1729)^[b]
• Judah Messer Leon (y. 1425 – y. 1495)^[d]
• István Mészáros (1930–2017)
• Emile Meyerson (1859–1933)^[b][c][d]
• Conyers Middleton (1683–1750)^[b]
• Mary Midgley (1919–2018)
• Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii (1842–1904)^[b][d]
• Kiyoşi Miki (1897–1945)^[b][d]
• Mikyo Dorje (veya Mi bskyod rdo rje) (1507–1554)^[d]
• Gaston Milhaud (1858–1918)^[b]
• James Mill (1773–1836)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• John Stuart Mill (1806–1873)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• John Millar (1735–1801)^[d]
• Dickinson Miller (1868–1963)^[b]
• Ruth Millikan (d. 1933)^[b][c]
• John Milton (1608–1674)^[b]
• Minagawa Kien (1734–1807)^[b]
• Mir Damad (veya Mir Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi) (ö. 1631)^[d]
• Miura Baien (1723–1789)^[b]
• Jacob Moleschott (1822–1893)^[b]
• Luis de Molina (1535–1600)^[a][b][c][d]
• Enrique Molina Garmendia (1871–1962)^[b]
• Lord Monboddo (veya James Burnett) (1714–1799)^[d]
• Richard Montague (1930–1971)^[b][d]
• William Pepperell Montague (1873–1953)^[b]
• Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)^[a][b][d][e]
• Edmund Montgomery (1835–1911)^[b]
• George Edward Moore (1873–1958)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Henry More (1614–1687)^[a][b][d][e]
• Thomas More (1478–1535)^[a][b][e]
• Étienne-Gabriel Morelly (1717–1778)
• C. Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936)^[b]
• Lewis H. Morgan (1818–1881)^[b]
• Thomas Morgan (ö. 1743)^[b]
• Karl Philipp Moritz (1756–1793)^[b]
• Edgar Morin (d. 1921)
• Gaetano Mosca (1858–1941)^[a][b]
• Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801)^[d]
• Emmanuel Mounier (1905–1950)^[b]
• Mou Tsung-san (1909–1995)^[a]
• Mozi (veya Mo Tzu, veya Mo Ti, veya Micius) (y. MÖ. 470 – y. MÖ. 390)^[a][b][d]
• David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (veya Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas veya David ha-Bavli) (ö. 937)^[b][d]
• Molla Sadrâ (1571–1640)^[b][c][d][e]
• Iris Murdoch (1919–1999)^[b][c]
• Muro Kyuso (1658–1734)^[b]
• Arthur Edward Murphy (1901–1962)^[b]
• Gaius Musonius Rufus (1. yüzyıl)^[b][d]

• Arne Næss (1912–2009)^[c][d]
• Nagarjuna (y.  MS. 200)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Ernest Nagel (1901–1985)^[a][b][c][d]
• Thomas Nagel (d. 1937)^[a][b][c][d]
• Musa ibn Nahman (1194–1270)^[d]
• Jacques-André Naigeon (1738–1810)^[b]
• Toju Nakae (1608–1648)^[b]
• Jean-Luc Nancy (1940–2021)^[d]
• Seyyid Hüseyin Nasr (d. 1933)^[b]
• Paul Gerhard Natorp (1854–1924)^[b][e]
• Márcio Bilharinho Naves (d. 1952)
• Sergey Neçayev (1847–1882)
• Alexander Neckham (1157–1217)^[d]
• Antonio Negri (1933–2023)
• Leonard Nelson (1882–1927)^[b]
• Emesalı Nemesius (fl. y. 400)^[a][b][d]
• John von Neumann (1903–1957)^[a][b][c][d]
• Otto Neurath (1882–1945)^[b][c][d][e]
• John Henry Newman (1801–1890)^[a][b][d]
• Isaac Newton (1642–1727)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Niçiren (1222–1282)^[d]
• Autrecourtlu Nicholas (y. 1300–1369)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Cusalı Nicholas (1401–1464)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Christoph Friedrich Nicolai (1733–1811)^[b]
• Pierre Nicole (1625–1695)^[b]
• H. Richard Niebuhr (1894–1962)^[d]
• Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971)^[b][d]
• Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Agostino Nifo (1470–1538)^[d]
• Nishi Amane (1829–1897)^[b][d]
• Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945)^[b][c][d][e]
• Nishitani Keiji (1900–1990)^[c][d]
• Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972)^[c]
• John Norris (1657–1711)^[b][d][e]
• Novalis (1772–1801)^[a][b][e]
• Robert Nozick (1938–2001)^[a][b][c][d]
• Apamealı Numenius (2. yüzyıl)^[a][b][d][e]
• Martha Nussbaum (d. 1947)^[a][b][c]
• Anders Nygren (1890–1978)^[d]

• Michael Oakeshott (1901–1990)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Ockhamlı William (y. 1285–1349)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Ogyū Sorai (1666–1728)^[b][d]
• Lorenz Oken (1779–1851)^[b][d]
• Karl Olivecrona (1897–1980)^[d]
• Peter Olivi (1248–1298)^[a][b][d][e]
• Genç Olympiodorus (495–570)^[e]
• John Wood Oman (1860–1939)^[b][d]
• Michel Onfray (d. 1959)
• Onora O'Neill (d. 1941)^[c]
• Oresme (1320–1382)^[b][d][e]
• İskenderiyeli Origen (y. 182–y. 251)^[a][b][d][e]
• Isaac Orobio de Castro (1617–1687)^[b]
• Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851)
• José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Peter Osborne (d. 1958)
• Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932)^[b]
• James Oswald (1703–1793)^[d]
• Rudolf Otto (1869–1937)^[b][d]
• Richard Overton (ö. y. 1665)^[d]
• Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen (1922–1982)^[b][c][d]
• Robert Owen (1771–1858)

• Thomas Paine (1737–1809)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Menyhért Palágyi (1859–1924)^[b]
• William Paley (1743–1805)^[a][b][d]
• Elihu Palmer (1764–1806)^[b]
• Panaetius (y. MÖ. 185 – y. MÖ. 110)^[b][d]
• Antonie Pannekoek (1873–1960)
• Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928–2014)^[b]
• David Papineau (d. 1947)^[c]
• Giovanni Papini (1881–1956)^[b]
• Paracelsus (1493–1541)^[a][b][d]
• Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923)^[b]
• Derek Parfit (1942–2017)^[a][b][c]
• Theodore Parker (1810–1860)^[b]
• Parmenides (MÖ. 5. yüzyıl)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)^[a][b][d][e]
• John Arthur Passmore (1914–2004)^[d]
• Valentino Annibale Pastore (1868–1956)^[b]
• Patanjali (MÖ. 2. yüzyıl)^[d]
• Walter Pater (1839–1904)^[b]
• Jan Patočka (1907–1977)^[d]
• Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (veya Franciscus Patritius) (1529–1597)^[b][d][e]
• Akos Pauler (1876–1933)^[b]
• Linus Pauling (1901–1994)^[b]
• Venedikli Paul (1369–1429)^[a][b][d][e]
• Friedrich Paulsen (1846–1908)^[b]
• İvan Pavlov (1849–1936)^[b]
• Christopher Peacocke (d. 1950)^[c]
• Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932)^[b][c]
• David Pears (1921–2009)^[c]
• Karl Pearson (1857–1936)^[b]
• John Peckham (ö. 1292)^[b][d]
• Benjamin Peirce (1809–1880)^[e]
• Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Pelagius (y. 360 – y. 435)^[b][c]
• William Penbygull (ö. 1420)^[e]
• Thomas Percival (1740–1804)^[a]
• Ralph Barton Perry (1876–1957)^[a][b][c]
• Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827)^[b]
• Auvergneli Peter (13. yüzyıl)^[d]
• İspanyalı Peter (13. yüzyıl; genellikle Papa XXI. John ile özdeşleştirilir.
• Richard Stanley Peters (1919–2011)^[c]
• Petrarca (1304–1374)^[b][c][d]
• Leon Petrazycki (1867–1931)^[d]
• İoane Petritsi (12. yüzyıl)^[e]
• Branislav Petronijević (1875–1954)^[b]
• II. Petar Petrović Njegoš (1813–1851)^[b]
• Joseph Petzoldt (1862–1929)^[b]
• Alexander Pfänder (1870–1941)^[b]
• Philippus Cancellarius (1160–1236)^[d][e]
• İskenderiyeli Philo Judaeus (MÖ. 20–MS. 40)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Larissalı Philo (MÖ. 1. yüzyıl)^[d][e]
• Diyalekt Philo (y. MÖ. 300)^[c][d]
• Gadaralı Philodemus (MÖ. 1. yüzyıl)^[b][d][e]
• Krotonlu Philolaus (y. MÖ. 480 – y. MÖ. 405)^[a][b][d][e]
• Larissalı Philo (MÖ. 154 – 84)^[b]
• Megaralı Philo (fl. MÖ. 300)^[b]
• John Philoponus (6. yüzyıl başları)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Jean Piaget (1896–1980)^[a][b][d]
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Álvaro Vieira Pinto (1909–1987)
• Dimitri Pisarev (1840–1868)^[b]
• Max Planck (1858–1947)^[b][c][d]
• Alvin Plantinga (d. 1932)^[a][b][c]
• Platon (y. MÖ. 427 – y. MÖ. 347)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Georgi Plehanov (1856–1918)^[a][b][c][d]
• Helmuth Plessner (1892–1985)^[b]
• Plethon (y. 1355 – y. 1452)^[b]
• Plotinos (ö. 270)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Gottfried Ploucquet
• Chaeronialı Mestrius Plutarch (y. 45 – y. 120)^[b][d][e]
• Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Karl Polanyi (1886–1964)
• Michael Polanyi (1891–1976)^[d]
• Pietro Pomponazzi (1462–1525)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Alexander Pope (1688–1744)^[b]
• Karl Popper (1902–1994)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Josef Popper-Lynkeus (1838–1921)^[b]
• Porphyry (y. 232 – y. 304)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Giambattista della Porta (y. 1535–1615)^[e]
• Noah Porter (1811–1892)^[b]
• Poseidonius (y. MÖ. 135 – 51)^[b][d]
• Richard Posner (d. 1939)^[b]
• Emil Leon Post (1897–1954)^[d]
• Moishe Postone (1942–2018)
• Robert Joseph Pothier (1699–1772)^[d]
• Nikos Pulancas (1936–1979)
• François Poullain de la Barre (1647–1723)^[e]
• Roscoe Pound (1870–1964)^[d]
• Caio Prado Júnior (1907–1990)
• Costanzo Preve (1943–2013)
• Henry Habberley Price (1899–1984)^[c]
• Richard Price (1723–1791)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Harold Arthur Prichard (1871–1947)^[a][c][d][e]
• Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)^[a][b][c][d]
• Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856–1931)^[b]
• Arthur Prior (1914–1969)^[b][d][e]
• Proclus (412–487)^[b][c][d][e]
• Prodicus (y. MÖ. 450 – 399)^[b][d]
• Protagoras (y. MÖ. 481 – 420)^[b][c][d][e]
• Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865)^[a][b][c][d]
• Marcel Proust (1871–1922)^[b]
• Sözde Dionisius (5. yüzyıl)^[b][d][e]
• Pseudo-Grosseteste (13. yüzyıl)^[b][d]
• Batlamyus (y. 85 – y. 165)^[d]
• Samuel von Pufendorf (1632–1694)^[a][b][d]
• Isaac ben Joseph ibn Pulgar (14. yüzyıl)^[e]
• Hilary Putnam (1926–2016)^[a][b][c][d]
• Pyrrho (y. 360 – y. 270)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Pythagoras (MÖ. 582 – 496)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}

• Antero de Quental (1842–1891)
• Ismael Quiles
• Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)^{[a][b][c][d][e]}
• Anthony Quinton (1925–2010)^[c]