Klement III. (pápež)

Klement III.
174. rímsky biskup
Klement III.
Funkcie a tituly
Pontifikát
19. december 1187 – 20. marec 1191
Predchodca Gregor VIII. Celestín III. Nástupca
Biografické údaje
Rodné menoPaolo Scolari
Narodenieasi 1130
Rím, Taliansko
Úmrtie20. marec 1191
Rím, Taliansko
Svätenia
Cirkevrímskokatolícka
Pápež
Voľba19. december 1187
Odkazy
Klement III. na catholic-hierarchy.org angl.
Spolupracuj na Commons Klement III.
Kompletný zoznam pápežov

Klement III. (rodným menom Paolo Scolari,[1] * asi 1130, Rím, Taliansko – † 20. marec 1191)[2] bol 174. pápež rímskokatolíckej cirkvi. Pápežský úrad zastával od 19. decembra 1187 do svojej smrti.

Životopis

Narodil sa v Ríme as v roku 1130. Pápež Alexander III. (1159 - 1181) ho postupne menoval arcikňazom patriarchálnej baziliky Panny Márie Snežnej v Ríme (1166), diakonom v Sergio e Bacco (1179) a nakoniec kardinálom a biskupom v Palestrine, neďaleko Ríma (1180). Medzi 15. októbrom 1179 a 11. decembrom 1187 schvaľoval pápežské buly.

Krátko po svojom nástupe na pápežský stolec úspešne zmiernil konflikt medzi pápežom a rímskym obyvateľstvom, ktorý trval už pol storočia. 31. mája 1188 uzavrel s Rimanmi zmluvu, ktorá im zabezpečovala právo vyberať svojich úradníkov, zatiaľ čo v rukách pápeža zostala nominácia na guvernéra mesta.[3]

Klement III. tiež podnietil anglického Henricha II. a francúzskeho kráľa Filipa II. Augusta k tretej križiackej výprave.[4] Zaviedol tiež niekoľko malých reforiem cirkevných záležitostí. V apríli 1189 dojednal mier s cisárom Fridrichom I. Barbarossom. Vyriešil taktiež spory so škótskym kráľom Viliamom I. ohľadom výberu arcibiskupa v St Andrews a 13. marca 1188 zbavil škótsku cirkev podriadenosti biskupovi z Yorku, čím sa stala nezávislou od Ríma.[5]

Napriek svojej zmierlivej politike nahneval cisára Henricha VI. pridelením Sicílie Tankredovi (1189 – 1194).[6] Kríza vyvrcholila v čase pápežovej smrti, pravdepodobne v druhej polovici marca 1191.

Referencie

  1. ↑ Cheetham, Nicolas, Keepers of the Keys, (Charles Scribner's Sons, 1982), 325.
  2. ↑ About the date of his death see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203-211
  3. ↑ The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol.1, Ed. David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith, (Cambridge University Press, 2004), 402.
  4. ↑ Reston, James, Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade, (Random House Inc., 2001), 106.
  5. ↑ Blair, D. Oswald Hunter, History of the Catholic Church of Scotland, (Willian Blackwood and Sons, 1887), 329.
  6. ↑ Benson, Robert Louis and Robert Charles Figueira, Plenitude of power: the doctrines and exercise of authority in the Middle Ages, (Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2006), 40.

Pozri aj

Iné projekty

Externé odkazy

Zdroj

Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článkov Klement III. na českej Wikipédii a Pope Clement III na anglickej Wikipédii.


Predchodca:
Gregor VIII. 		Pápežský znak Pápež
Gregor IX.
(zoznam) 		Pápežský znak Nástupca:
Celestín III.


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