William Standish Knowles

William Standish Knowles

George Bush recepciona os agraciados com o Nobel 2001, em 27 de novembro de 2001. William S. Knowles é o quarto da esquerda
Nascimento 1 de junho de 1917
Taunton
Morte 13 de junho de 2012 (95 anos)
Chesterfield (Missouri)
Nacionalidade estadunidense
Alma mater Universidade Columbia
Prêmios Nobel de Química (2001)
Orientador(es)(as) Robert Elderfield
Instituições Thomas and Hochwalt Laboratories, Monsanto
Campo(s) química industrial, química orgânica

William Standish Knowles (Taunton, 1 de junho de 1917 — 13 de junho de 2012[1]) foi um químico estadunidense.

Conjuntamente com Ryōji Noyori e Barry Sharpless, foi agraciado com o Nobel de Química de 2001 pelo seu trabalho sobre as reações de hidrogenação catalisadas por quiralidade.[2]

Prêmio Nobel

Compartilhou metade do Prêmio Nobel de Química em 2001 com Ryōji Noyori por "seu trabalho em reações de hidrogenação catalisadas por quirais". A outra metade do prêmio foi concedida a K. Barry Sharpless pelo desenvolvimento de uma série de oxidações assimétricas catalíticas. Knowles desenvolveu um dos primeiros catalisadores de hidrogenação assimétricos ao substituir os ligantes de trifenilfosfina aquiral no catalisador de Wilkinson por ligantes de fosfina quirais. Este catalisador experimental foi eficaz para a síntese enantiosseletiva, alcançando um modesto excesso enantiomérico de 15%.

Knowles também foi o primeiro a aplicar a catálise enantiosseletiva de metal à síntese em escala industrial; enquanto trabalhava para a Monsanto Company, ele desenvolveu uma etapa de hidrogenação enantiosseletiva para a produção de L-DOPA, utilizando o ligante DIPAMP.[3][4]

Síntese de L-DOPA por meio de hidrogenação com C2 difosfina -symmetric

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ William Knowles, Nobel Winner in Chemistry, Dies at 95 (em inglês)
  2. ↑ «Chemistry Laureates: Fields». www.nobelprize.org. Consultado em 9 de agosto de 2018 
  3. ↑ Vineyard, B. D.; Knowles, W. S.; Sabacky, M. J.; Bachman, G. L.; Weinkauff, D. J. (1977). «Asymmetric hydrogenation. Rhodium chiral bisphosphine catalyst». Journal of the American Chemical Society. 99 (18): 5946–5952. doi:10.1021/ja00460a018 
  4. ↑ Knowles, William S. (2002). «Asymmetric Hydrogenations (Nobel Lecture) Copyright© The Nobel Foundation 2002. We thank the Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, for permission to print this lecture.». Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 41 (12). 1998 páginas. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20020617)41:12<1998::AID-ANIE1998>3.0.CO;2-8 

Ligações externas

Precedido por
Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid e Hideki Shirakawa		 Nobel de Química
2001
com Ryōji Noyori e Barry Sharpless		 Sucedido por
John Fenn, Koichi Tanaka e Kurt Wüthrich

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